Types of Mutations

What is a point mutation?

• A point mutation is the translocation of genetic material between chromosomes.

• A point mutation is the replacement of a single nucleotide with another nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

• A point mutation is the duplication of a gene within a chromosome.

• A point mutation is the deletion of an entire chromosome.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Name the three types of point mutations.

• Frame-shift mutation

• Insertion mutation

• Silent mutation, Missense mutation, Nonsense mutation

• Deletion mutation

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Explain the difference between silent and missense mutations.

• Silent mutations occur in non-coding regions of DNA, while missense mutations occur in coding regions.

• Silent mutations do not change the amino acid sequence, whereas missense mutations result in the substitution of one amino acid for another.

• Silent mutations always lead to a loss of function, while missense mutations do not affect protein function.

• Silent mutations result in the substitution of one amino acid for another, whereas missense mutations do not change the amino acid sequence.

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How does a nonsense mutation affect protein synthesis?

• A nonsense mutation accelerates protein synthesis.

• A nonsense mutation increases the accuracy of protein synthesis.

• A nonsense mutation leads to the premature termination of protein synthesis.

• A nonsense mutation has no impact on protein synthesis.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a frameshift mutation?

• A frameshift mutation is a mutation that results in the deletion of a single nucleotide.

• A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three, resulting in a shift in the reading frame during translation.

• A frameshift mutation is a mutation that does not affect the reading frame of the DNA sequence.

• A frameshift mutation is a mutation that occurs in the mitochondria only.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Provide an example of a point mutation in the DNA sequence: ATG CTA GAC TCG

• ATG CTA GAC TCG

• ATG CTA GAC TCA

• ATG CTA GAC TGG

• ATA CTA GAC TCG

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How can point mutations be detected in a laboratory setting?

• PCR, DNA sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

• Western blotting, Southern blotting, and ELISA

Explain the concept of mutagenesis and its role in inducing point mutations.

• Mutagenesis is the process of repairing mutations in an organism's genetic material.

• Mutagenesis is the process of inducing mutations in an organism's genetic material, which can lead to point mutations by altering specific nucleotide base pairs.

• Mutagenesis only induces mutations in non-coding regions of DNA.

• Mutagenesis always leads to beneficial mutations.

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