Nuclear Physics

What is mass defect in nuclear physics?

• Mass defect is the total mass of individual nucleons in a nucleus

• Mass defect in nuclear physics is the difference in mass between the total mass of individual nucleons and the actual mass of a nucleus.

• Mass defect is the mass of electrons in a nucleus

• Mass defect is the difference in mass between protons and neutrons in a nucleus

Define binding energy and its significance in nuclear physics.

• Binding energy is the energy required to disassemble a nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons. It is significant in nuclear physics as it represents the stability of a nucleus. Higher binding energy per nucleon indicates a more stable nucleus.

• Binding energy is only relevant in chemistry, not in nuclear physics.

• Higher binding energy per nucleon indicates a less stable nucleus.

• Binding energy is the energy released when a nucleus is formed, not the energy required to disassemble it.

Calculate the binding energy per nucleon for a nucleus with a mass number of 56 and a binding energy of 490 MeV.

• 9.25 MeV

• 7.85 MeV

• 8.75 MeV

• 6.45 MeV

Explain the concept of half-life in nuclear physics.

• Half-life is the time taken for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.

• Half-life is the time taken for all radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.

• Half-life is the time taken for one-fourth of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.

• Half-life is the time taken for radioactive atoms to double in quantity.

Calculate the decay constant for a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 5 days.

• 0.069 days^-1

• 0.207 days^-1

• 0.276 days^-1

• 0.1386 days^-1

Define activity in the context of nuclear physics.

• Energy released during nuclear fission

• Rate of radioactive decay

• Half-life of a radioactive substance

• Mass defect in a nuclear reaction

Calculate the number of nuclei present in a sample with an activity of 500 Bq and a decay constant of 0.02 s^-1.

• 10000

• 25000

• 7500

• 30000

How does binding energy per nucleon change with increasing mass number in nuclear physics?

• Decreases continuously with increasing mass number

• Remains constant regardless of the mass number

• Increases linearly with increasing mass number

• Initially increases, peaks around iron (Fe-56), then decreases

What is the relationship between half-life and decay constant in radioactive decay?

• They are inversely proportional.

• They are directly proportional.

• They are equal.

• They are unrelated.

Explain the concept of radioactive decay and its implications in nuclear physics.

• Radioactive decay only occurs in stable atomic nuclei.

• Radioactive decay is the process of atoms gaining energy by emitting radiation.

• Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation, leading to the transformation of the nucleus into a different element or isotope. It is essential in nuclear physics for studying the stability and behavior of atomic nuclei.

• Radioactive decay has no implications in nuclear physics.