What is the dispersion effect in optical transmission?

• The spreading of light pulses over time due to various modes of propagation

• The conversion of light into electrical signals

• The absorption of light by the optical medium

• The reflection of light at the interface of two different optical mediums

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NGSS.MS-PS4-2

What does Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) refer to?

• Occurs because the optical signal has a certain spectral width and each spectral component propagates at different speeds, arriving at the destination at different times.

• The dispersion of light in a vacuum

• Occurs because of the asymmetry of the fiber material.

• The distribution of light intensity in a polarized beam

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NGSS.HS-PS4-5

What does Chromatic Dispersion (CD) refer to?

• Occurs because the optical signal has a certain spectral width and each spectral component propagates at different speeds, arriving at the destination at different times.

• The dispersion of light in a vacuum

• Occurs because of the asymmetry of the fiber material.

• The distribution of light intensity in a polarized beam

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NGSS.HS-PS4-1

NGSS.HS-PS4-5

List the 3 basic classes of single-mode fiber.

• Non-Dispersion Shifted, Dispersion-Shifted, Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber and Multimode

• Step-index, Graded-shifted, and Dispersion-shifted

• Non-Dispersion Shifted, Dispersion-Shifted, Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber

• Step-index, Multimode, and Polarization-maintaining

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NGSS.HS-PS4-1

NGSS.HS-PS4-5

List the characteristics of Non-Dispersion Shifted Fiber (NDSF).

• Low attenuation and zero dispersion at 1310 nm

• High dispersion at 1550 nm

• Zero dispersion at 1550 nm

• High attenuation at 1310 nm

Dispersion-Shifted Fiber (DSF) (a)   in the 1550 nm wavelength.

• Reduces chromatic dispersion
• Increases chromatic dispersion
• Is primarily used for long-distance
• Cannot support wavelength-division

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NGSS.HS-PS4-1

NGSS.HS-PS4-5

Which of the following is a characteristic of Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber (NZDF)?

• Zero dispersion at 1550 nm

• High dispersion at all wavelengths

• Designed to have non-zero dispersion at 1550 nm

• Used primarily for long-distance telegraphy

How does a WDM system work?

• By converting electrical signals into binary data

• By amplifying light signals to travel longer distances

• By splitting light into different wavelengths for simultaneous transmission

• By encrypting data for secure transmission

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NGSS.HS-PS4-5

What is the difference between a CWDM and DWDM system?

• CWDM systems have a wider channel spacing compared to DWDM systems with 8 usable channels.

• DWDM systems use lower wavelengths than CWDM systems with a grid in C and L bands.

• CWDM systems require more power than DWDM systems.

• There is no difference; CWDM and DWDM are the same.

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NGSS.HS-PS4-3

What advantages does Flexgrid have over fixed grid?

• Flexgrid provides more flexibility in layout design

• Flexgrid space is created acording to the spectral width of each channel.

• Flexgrid allows easier alignment and distribution of space among items

• All of the above