Externalities

When consumption of a good generates a positive externality, which of the following is likely to be true at the free market equilibrium? 

• Marginal social benefit is less than marginal private cost. 
• Marginal social benefit is greater than marginal private benefit. 
• Marginal social cost is greater than marginal social benefit. 
• Marginal social cost is less than marginal private benefit. 

If the production of a good generates a negative externality, which of the following is likely to be true at the free market equilibrium? 

• The market equilibrium quantity is equal to the socially optimal quantity. 

• The marginal private cost is greater than the marginal social cost. 
• The price of the product equals the marginal social cost. 
• The market equilibrium quantity is greater than the socially optimal quantity. 

If the production of a good generates a positive externality, the government can increase allocative efficiency by: 

• taxing the producer of the good
  
• setting a price ceiling to encourage production of the good
  
• subsidizing the producer of the good 
• prosecuting firms that produce the good without proper permits
  

Which of the following best represents a positive externality? 

• Purchasing a pass for an amusement park 
• Being disturbed by neighboring construction noise 
• Dumping waste on someone else’ s property 
• Enjoying watching birds at a neighbor’s bird feeder 

Which of the following is true when there are negative externalities associated with the production of a good? 

• The market will adjust automatically to equate marginal social costs and marginal social benefits. 
• Marginal social costs will exceed marginal private costs unless businesses are forced to internalize the external costs. 
• Marginal private costs will exceed marginal social costs, but the government can correct the problem. 
• Producers should be subsidized so that they will produce more of the good. 

The difference between what consumers are willing to pay for units of a good and the price consumers actually pay for units of the good is called:

• a positive externality 
• marginal utility
  
• consumer surplus 
• producer surplus
  

If the production of good X creates a positive externality, then from society’s perspective, the industry that produces good X tends to produce:

• less than the socially optimal amount of good X 
• greater than the socially optimal amount of good X 
• the socially optimal amount of good X 
• a shortage of good X, unless taxed 

What is the likely outcome when a government imposes a tax on a good that generates a negative externality?

• The quantity produced of the good will increase.

• The quantity produced of the good will decrease, moving closer to the socially optimal level.

• There will be no change in the quantity produced of the good.

• The price of the good will decrease.

Which of the following is an example of a public good?

• A branded smartphone

• A private tutoring session

• National defense

• A concert ticket

How does a subsidy for a good that generates a positive externality affect the market?

• It decreases the quantity produced of the good.

• It increases the price consumers pay for the good.

• It increases the quantity produced of the good, moving closer to the socially optimal level.

• It has no effect on the market.