Which of the following best describes the energy resource used most often for heating and cooking in less developed countries?

Biomass is the predominant fuel source because it is easily obtained locally.

Bituminous coal is primarily used because of its relative abundance and high moisture content.

Cogeneration from fuel oil systems is primarily used because it has low up-front costs.

Natural gas is the most prevalent fuel source because it is readily available and produces few air pollutants.

Which of the following resources would most likely be mined from the plant remains buried in eastern Montana during the Cretaceous?

Building materials such as limestone.

Radioactive materials such as uranium

Which of the following best describes the conditions under which peat is formed?

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, acidic conditions.

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under low-pressure, aerobic, acidic conditions.

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, alkaline conditions.

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under low-pressure, aerobic, alkaline conditions.

An advantage of using natural gas, rather than oil, as a fuel is that natural gas is

cleaner because it burns more completely

less of a contributor to global warming because it does not release CO2 when it burns

less expensive because most reserves are in the United States

more abundant because it is a by-product of photosynthesis

Purity is a major factor in determining the type of coal used for energy. Which of the following types of coal are correctly paired with a description of its purity and common use?

Anthracite is considered the highest grade coal because it is almost pure carbon, and it is often used for domestic heating.

Coking coal is most widely available and contains 60-86% carbon, which makes it ideal for use in coal power plants.

Steam coal has a high carbon content with low amounts of impurities, which makes it ideal for use in the steel industry.

Lignite is the most mature and purest form of coal, and it is often used for large-scale power generation.

Which of the following describes an environmental problem that can result from the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity?

Carbon dioxide is a product of the combustion fossil fuels, and it can lead to global climate change when released into the atmosphere.

A chemical reaction occurs between the fossil fuel and oxygen to produce energy for the generation of electricity.

The combustion of fossil fuels can heat water to convert the water into steam to turn turbines that are connected to electrical generators.

Combustion reactions using fossil fuels require more energy than they produce and are therefore very inefficient.

Which of the following best describes an environmental problem associated with hydrologic fracturing, or fracking?

Fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.

Fracking has led to an increase in the production of oil and natural gas, lowering energy prices.

Fractures in the shale will close up once the fracking fluid is removed unless fine particles, like sand, are introduced to hold them open.

The products of fracking release more carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds into the atmosphere than other fossil fuels.

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is the pumping of highly pressurized water with a mixture of sand and chemicals into boreholes to

create cracks within the rock in order to provide pathways for the release of gas and oil

pulverize the rock in order to let gas and oil rise through the soil horizons

reopen old mine shafts, from which gas and oil can be collected

create seismic movement and artificial earthquakes in order to liberate gas and oil

Which of the following statements correctly explains the role of fossil fuels in the production of energy?

The combustion of fossil fuels heats water to produce steam, which then turns a turbine.

The steam released from the combustion of fossil fuels turns a generator, which then powers a turbine.

The heat released from burning fossil fuels rises and turns a turbine, which then releases carbon dioxide.

Steam produced from a turbine ignites the fossil fuels, which then powers the generator.

There are various stages in the formation of coal as heat and pressure are increased and moisture content is decreased. These stages, in order, are

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

bituminous, peat, lignite, anthracite

peat, lignite, anthracite, bituminous

lignite, bituminous, anthracite, peat

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using nuclear energy as a source of electricity?

Spent fuel rods must be disposed of properly.

Energy production is not consistent from day to day.

Cooling towers release contaminants into the atmosphere.

Volatile organic compounds are released into groundwater.

The Chernobyl nuclear disaster led to the release of massive radiation, specifically iodine-131 and cesium-137, which has been connected to a variety of environmental problems in the 30 years following the disaster. Which of the following best describes the process of electricity generation at a nuclear power plant?

Nuclear power is generated through fission, which releases a large amount of heat. The heat is used to generate steam, which turns a turbine that powers a generator.

Nuclear power is generated when photons are converted to a direct current using a semiconducting material such as silicon. An inverter is used to convert the direct-current electricity into an alternating current.

Nuclear power is generated from the thermal energy of Earth, which is a result of radioactive decay. The water underground is turned to steam, which turns a turbine to produce electricity.

Nuclear power is generated from the combustion of mined uranium, which provides enough heat to power a generator. The generator turns a turbine to create electricity.

Which of the following is the primary environmental problem associated with the use of nuclear power to generate electricity?

Production of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide

Which of the following is considered an advantage of using nuclear power to generate electricity?

There is no CO 2 emitted from the nuclear reaction.

There is a limitless supply of the raw material needed for the process of generating energy.

Nuclear power plants are inexpensive to build and maintain.

The water used in this type of power plant is often released back into a reservoir. Which of the following effects could this released water have on the reservoir?

The temperature of the released water causes a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the reservoir.

The released water is radioactive and is lethal to a variety of organisms in the reservoir.

Chemical pollutants in the released water cause algal blooms in the reservoir.

Ash from the power plant is dissolved in the released water and will precipitate out into the reservoir.

Throughout the world, especially the less-developed countries, burning wood or other biomass for heating or cooking in homes is common. One negative environmental impact of this practice is the production of particulates indoors, which can be a health hazard to humans. Which of the following describes the best strategy for mitigating this potential problem?

Installing effective ventilation systems in dwellings

Planting native plants around the dwelling

Updating dwellings with well-sealed windows

Equipping dwellings with rainwater collection systems

Which of the following negative consequences is most often associated with using biomass for energy production?

Using biomass for energy production can result in local deforestation.

Using biomass for energy production requires long-term storage for radioactive waste.

Using biomass for energy production can increase salinization in agricultural fields.

Using biomass for energy production releases carbon sequestered in fossil fuels into the atmosphere.

The graphs below show the energy output of one kilowatt of photovoltaic (PV) capacity of different PV panel systems over a day (graph on the left) and the annual energy production (graph on the right) of the same systems. Dual-axis tracking means that the PV panels are constantly moving to always face the Sun directly. If the PV panels are tilted in a fixed position, the direction of tilt is indicated. Flat PV panels are not tilted in any direction. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data shown in the graph?

PV panels that can track the Sun and are constantly moving to always directly face the Sun produce the most electricity daily and annually.

PV panels that cannot track the Sun and are in a fixed position tilted to the east produce the most electricity daily and annually.

Of the PV panels that cannot track the Sun, those in a fixed position tilted to the west produce more electricity daily and annually than do those in a fixed position tilted to the south.

PV panels that cannot track the Sun and are in a fixed position tilted to the south produce the least electricity daily and annually.

Which of the following is the best example of an energy storage element in a solar energy system?

The hot water tank in a solar hot water system

The photovoltaic array in a solar electric system

The overhang that blocks sunlight in a passively cooled home

The insulated windows in a passively heated solar home

Some solar energy systems produce high-temperature water for industrial applications and produce steam to run turbines that generate electricity. What type of solar energy system is needed for these kinds of applications?

A solar collector system using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight

A flat-panel solar collector system

A solar collector system using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlightA passive solar system that uses building design to block summer sunlight

A flat non-tracking array of photovoltaic panels

Which of the following best describes how electricity is generated using photovoltaic cells?

Photons of light excite electrons that result in a flow of current.

The Sun’s rays warm water that boils and spins a turbine.

The Sun’s rays warm air that turns propeller blades attached to a rotor.

Photons of light activate a generator that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy.

Many environmentalists consider Egypt's Aswan High Dam on the Nile River to be an ecological disaster. Which of the following is the best evidence to support this viewpoint?

Most of the nutrient-rich silt that the Nile annually deposited downstream is now deposited behind the dam.

Creation of the dam flooded important archaeological sites.

The Aswan High Dam supplies one-third of the electrical power used in Egypt.

Sardine populations near the Nile delta increased exponentially as a result of decreased annual rates of water flow.

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of geothermal energy production?

Geothermal energy implementation in homes and businesses has a high upfront cost, and electricity is needed to operate pumps.

Geothermal energy production is a significant source of noise pollution.

Geothermal energy generation costs remain stable when gas and oil prices increase.

Geothermal energy is weather dependent and can be generated only at certain times of the year.

Which of the following best describes the method of vehicle transport that is the most environmentally sustainable?

The use of a vehicle powered by hydrogen fuel cells because there are no carbon emissions

The use of a plug-in hybrid vehicle because the fuel sources do not release any carbon dioxide

The use of a vehicle powered by biodiesel because it can be used in conjunction with traditional diesel

The use of a vehicle powered by ethanol because corn is grown to produce energy rather than for human consumption

Which of the following best describes how the use of hydrogen fuel negatively impacts the environment?

The energy needed to produce the hydrogen fuel may come from fossil fuels, whose use contributes to ocean acidification and global climate change.

The harvesting of hydrogen fuel from ocean sediments can result in damage to marine ecosystems and fisheries.

The transport of hydrogen fuel requires pipelines that can negatively impact terrestrial habitats, especially when these pipelines leak.

The combustion of hydrogen fuel releases carbon dioxide, which contributes to ocean acidification and global climate change.

Which of the following best describes a benefit of increasing the number of offshore wind farms rather than onshore wind farms?

Offshore winds farms will produce up to three times as much electricity as wind farms on land because of increased wind speeds offshore.

Offshore wind farms will consume less water during operation than wind farms on land because the turbines require less steam for electricity generation.

Offshore wind farms will decrease the maintenance costs associated with electricity generation because they are cheaper to operate than wind farms on land.

Offshore wind farms will emit less carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide than wind farms on land because they are farther from urban areas.

Which of the following is a reason why hybrid electric vehicles use less fossil fuel per mile traveled than a typical internal combustion engine vehicle uses?

When the brakes are applied in hybrid electric vehicles, kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to charge the batteries that assist the electric motor.

Hybrid electric vehicles don’t burn fossil fuels; they run on electric energy.

Batteries in hybrid electric vehicles can be charged in the driveway overnight, when rates for electricity usage are typically low.

APES Unit 6 Review

Authored by Victoria Wolverton

Science

12th Grade

NGSS covered

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Scientists are looking for new locations to generate electricity using geothermal energy. Which of the following locations would be the best choice for a geothermal energy generating plant?

Near tectonic plate boundaries

Near fossil fuel resources

Near the equator

Near warm ocean currents

Which of the following explains why some energy sources are renewable?

Renewable energy sources exist in a fixed amount and cannot be easily replaced.

Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally, at or near the rate of consumption.

Renewable energy sources include natural gas and other fossil fuels because they are made from the remains of ancient organisms.

Renewable energy sources use advanced technologies and have been discovered in recent years, making them newer energy sources.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

How many BTUs were consumed in the United States in 2017 by consumers that used petroleum as a fuel source?

28 quadrillion BTUs

36 quadrillion BTUs

62 quadrilion BTUs

97 quadrillion BTUs

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

In 1997 the World Resources Institute estimated the world’s proven oil reserves to be 1,000 billion barrels and the ultimately recoverable reserves to be 2,000 billion barrels. The table below shows the world consumption of oil from 1986 to 1997. What was the approximate percent increase in consumption from 1986 to 1997?

10%

20%

30%

50%

Which of the following most likely had a direct influence on the trend shown in the graph for the electricity generation from wind?

Increased subsidies for renewable energy

Improved efficiency in hydraulic fracturing

A decrease in available coal for electrical generation

A decrease in the efficiency of photovoltaic cells

According to the data plotted in the graph above, which of the following is true about the increase in world fossil fuel consumption between 1965 and 1980 ?

Increases in oil, coal, and natural gas consumption occurred at about the same rate.

Increases in oil and coal consumption outpaced the increase in natural gas consumption.

The increase in coal consumption outpaced the increases in oil and natural gas consumption.

The increase in oil consumption outpaced the increases in coal and natural gas consumption.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Between 1960 and 1970, world oil consumption approximately doubled. Which of the following explanations is consistent with this increase?

The number of passengers per car increased.

People drove less, conserving gasoline.

The price of gasoline increased.

The number of cars on the road increased.

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APES Unit 6 Review

Scientists are looking for new locations to generate electricity using geothermal energy. Which of the following locations would be the best choice for a geothermal energy generating plant?

Which of the following explains why some energy sources are renewable?

How many BTUs were consumed in the United States in 2017 by consumers that used petroleum as a fuel source?

Which of the following most likely had a direct influence on the trend shown in the graph for the electricity generation from wind?

According to the data plotted in the graph above, which of the following is true about the increase in world fossil fuel consumption between 1965 and 1980 ?

Between 1960 and 1970, world oil consumption approximately doubled. Which of the following explanations is consistent with this increase?

Which of the following best describes the energy resource used most often for heating and cooking in less developed countries?

Which of the following resources would most likely be mined from the plant remains buried in eastern Montana during the Cretaceous?

An industry uses natural gas for manufacturing and uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of which of the following processes?

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