Unit 6 Development Test ReTake

When ten-month-old Frances throws her toy out of sight, she looks to see where it falls. Developmental psychologists would say that Frances’ behavior indicates that she has developed

• centration

• conservation

• egocentrism

• object permanence

• accommodation

Four-year-old Craig understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Craig notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing that some large bird may attack him. Craig’s father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Craig changes his thinking to now include the fact that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Craig’s new way of thinking about nests is an example of

• insight

• accommodation

• an algorithm

• a heuristic

• conservation

Seven-year-old Maria helps her mother wash the dishes, while her nine-year-old brother helps their father with the yard work. This involvement of the children in helping activities directly illustrates the process of

• identity diffusion

• gender-role development

• preconventional morality development

• classical conditioning of sex roles

• evolutionary determinism

A nine-year-old girl first learning about her capabilities on the playground and in the classroom would be in which of Erikson’s stage of development?

• Industry vs. Inferiority

• Identity vs. role confusion

• Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

• Integrity vs. despair

• Trust vs. mistrust

Rik, who is an adolescent, was always studious and quiet throughout childhood. His parents are concerned because he suddenly dyed his hair, pierced his tongue, and started hanging out with a different crowd. A few months later, he tried out for the football team and became so active in sports that he neglected his schoolwork. According to psychologists, which of the following would best explain Rik’s changes in behavior?

• identity diffusion

• identity foreclosure

• identity achievement

• identity moratorium

• identity consolidation

According to Diana Baumrind, which of the following is a parenting style that, among children raised in the United States, is most closely associated with the development of self-reliance and confidence?

• Authoritarian

• Authoritative

• Permissive

• Neglectful

• Secure

A newborn child is irritable, intense, and unpredictable. A developmental psychologist describes this child as difficult. This categorization is most likely referring to

• identity

• attachment style

• maturation level

• temperament

• theory of mind

Shaquille is 25 years old and is actively dating in order to find someone to settle down with. Which of the following theorists would best be able to explain Shaquille’s behavior?

• Erik Erikson

• Lawrence Kohlberg

• Carol Gilligan

• Sigmund Freud

• B. F. Skinner

Bobby is seventeen and has been engaging in risky behaviors, such as reckless driving, skipping class, and breaking curfew. Which of the following is an explanation for Bobby's actions that most psychologists support?

• His parents had an authoritarian parenting style as he was growing up, so he is confused.

• He is having a difficult time getting along with peers.

• He is going through the process of exploring his identity that many adolescents experience.

• The neural pathways in his cerebellum are not fully developed.

• He is the middle child in his sibling group.

According to the information, what is the best explanation for Bobby's risk-taking behavior?

• Bobby is still developing new neural connections in his brain.

• Bobby is rebelling against his peers because he feels left out.

• Bobby's temperament makes him prone to risk-taking behavior.

• Bobby's parents have an authoritative parenting style.

• Bobby is depressed, as most adolescents are.