Enlightenment philosophers challenged the divine right of kings when they proposed the idea of -

• the nation-state

• a social contract

• a fair working wage

• female political participation

The Enlightenment philosophers inspired later political revolution because of their support for —

• mercantilism

• natural rights

• imperialist policies

• divine right of kings

What is one way that France and the American colonies differed at the onset of their revolutions?

• The French were more nationalistic than the American colonists.

• Americans were committed to nonviolent ways of fighting for change.

• American colonists had already outlawed the practice of enslaving people.

• France suffered more severe economic debt than the American colonists.

One similar result of the American and French Revolutions was that in both countries —

• the citizens gained more political rights

• the wealth of Catholic Church increased

• the revolution produced a new social order

• the kings were able to maintain absolute power

Which of the following most contributed to the start of the French Revolution?

• Rapid growth in the numbers of people in the Third Estate

• Disagreements over the use of enslaved people as workers

• Passage of legislation that created a monopoly for tea companies

• Rise of a middle class that lacked political representation in government

A major contributing factor to the start of an independence movement in the American colonies was —

• the failure of the colonists to follow the British laws

• a disagreement over the use of enslaved labor in the colonies

• a worsening famine brought about by poor harvests in the colonies

• the lack of representation of the colonists in the British parliament

British colonists in the Americas were familiar with limited government because —

• many of the Enlightenment philosophes were British

• the Glorious Revolution had established a constitutional monarchy in Britain

• they had studied the political systems established by American Indian tribes

• French soldiers fighting in the American Revolution educated the British about monarchies

The American revolutionaries fought to gain independence from a colonial power, while the French revolutionaries revolted in order to —

• spread Enlightenment ideas to all of Europe

• protect the absolutist divine right of the king

• replace the existing political and social order

• create a French empire extending across Europe

Following the defeat of Napoleon, European powers came together at the Congress of Vienna in order to —

• restore a balance of power in Europe

• return the French monarch to the throne

• support the creation of a united German territory

• establish democratic governments throughout Europe

How did the defeat of Spain and Portugal during the Napoleonic Wars help to bring about political changes in Latin America?

• It made Napoleon the ruler of Latin America.

• It provided Latin Americans the opportunity to rebel.

• It allowed the British to establish colonies in Latin America.

• It meant that French laws were applied to the Latin American colonies.