Quiz about Biology EOC review

Question 1

Which statement best describes the diagrams shown?

Accepted Answer

Diagram A represents mitosis resulting in genetically identical daughter cells. Diagram B represents meiosis resulting in genetically unique daughter cells.

Answer

Diagram A represents meiosis resulting in identical daughter cells. Diagram B represents mitosis resulting in identical daughter cells.

Answer

Diagram A represents meiosis resulting in genetically unique daughter cells. Diagram B represents mitosis resulting in genetically identical daughter cells.

Answer

Diagram A represents mitosis and increased genetic diversity in daughter cells. Diagram B represents meiosis and decreased genetic diversity in daughter cells.

Question 2

Which inference is supported by the clear area between the mold and the bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Mold releases a substance that prevents bacteria growth.

Answer

Mold and bacteria need each other to grow.

Answer

Mold growth is aided by nutrients from bacteria in the air.

Answer

Mold is unable to grow in the presence of air and bacteria.

Question 3

When nurse sharks find that brightly colored red crabs move more slowly and are easier to catch than other crabs, they will change their behaviors to catch these brightly colored crabs more often. What behavioral change would you expect to see in the brightly colored red crabs over time?

Accepted Answer

Faster bright red crabs will survive longer, will reproduce more, and will have more offspring. Over time, the bright red crabs will become faster.

Answer

The brightly colored red crabs will leave the area to look for a habitat that does not have any predators that like to eat them.

Answer

The brightly colored red crabs will learn to avoid the predators and will not be eaten anymore after subsequent generations.

Answer

There will be no change in the behavior of the brightly colored red crabs. They will just learn to exist with the predators the way they are.

Question 4

While walking through a rainforest, a zoologist spots a colorful organism growing on a dead tree stump. Further examination reveals this organism is a multicellular organism, possesses a nucleus, and has cell walls but no chloroplasts. The zoologist would most likely place this organism into which kingdom?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Answer

Decomposers

Answer

Prokaryotes

Answer

Plantae

Question 5

The diagram below shows different models of DNA replication. Regardless of the replication model, why must the DNA strand first unzip?

Accepted Answer

to expose the sequence of bases to their matching complementary bases

Answer

to allow the DNA to form a double helix

Answer

to shorten and thicken the chromosomes for mitosis

Answer

to separate the chromosomes from their homologous pair

Question 6

Look at the picture below. Scientists have noticed that the limbs of vertebrates are all built upon the same basic structure. What conclusion have scientists made based on these observations?

Accepted Answer

All vertebrates come from the same common ancestor.

Answer

All vertebrates fossilize similarly.

Answer

All vertebrates move in the same way.

Answer

All vertebrates have evolved to live out of the water.

Question 7

The diagram below shows the changes in skull structure between early hominids and modern humans. Which characteristic develops in the skulls over time?

Accepted Answer

smaller jaw bone

Answer

prominent brow ridge

Answer

smaller volume

Answer

larger teeth

Question 8

In the 1950s, Stanley Miller performed experiments to study the origins of life. He created an atmosphere rich in methane, hydrogen, ammonia, water, and simulated lightning. Which substances were most likely produced during Miller's experiments?

Accepted Answer

amino acids

Answer

RNA strands

Answer

bacteria

Answer

protists

Question 9

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures. Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

Accepted Answer

Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas

Answer

Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than to hippopotamuses

Answer

Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales.

Answer

Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs.

Question 10

Why would a scientist use a transmission electron microscope (TEM) instead of a compound microscope to view a tissue sample?

Accepted Answer

The TEM will produce an image with a higher resolution.

Answer

The TEM allows viewing of individual atoms.

Answer

The TEM image will be three-dimensional.

Answer

The TEM is used for live samples.

Question 11

In sheep, producing white wool (W) is dominant to black wool (w), and having brown eyes (E) is dominant to blue eyes (e). A cross of two heterozygous sheep is shown in the Punnett square below. Which of the following describes an outcome of this cross?

Accepted Answer

3/16 will have black wool and brown eyes

Answer

1/16 will have white wool and brown eyes

Answer

4/16 will have white wool and blue eyes

Answer

9/16 will have black wool and blue eyes

Question 12

Which event will result in a phenotypic change in the offspring of a human?

Accepted Answer

separation failure of a homologous chromosome in a gamete cell

Answer

chromosome inversion in a cheek cell

Answer

insertion of a nucleotide in a DNA strand in a skin cell

Answer

amino acid substitution in a growing protein strand in a kidney cell

Question 13

Which statement is best supported by the graph?

Accepted Answer

While exercising, the highest average pulse rate was 150, before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.

Answer

Before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65; four minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.

Answer

After four minutes of exercising, the average pulse rate was 120, two minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 120.

Answer

Two minutes before exercising, the average pulse rate was 80; after two minutes of exercise, the average pulse rate was 140.

Question 14

Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?

Accepted Answer

The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.

Answer

DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.

Answer

Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells.

Answer

Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.

Question 15

The drawing below shows a cellular process during which an important biological molecule is being made. Which type of biological molecule is being made during this process?

Accepted Answer

protein

Answer

tRNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

phospholipid

Question 16

Researchers discover that a laboratory mouse they are studying has brain cancer. What is the most likely underlying cause of this cancer?

Accepted Answer

mutations in the DNA that affect mitosis

Answer

failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis

Answer

excess enzyme production in the brain cells

Answer

increased blood flow to the brain

Question 17

Genetic recombination occurs in many organisms. Which statement explains genetic recombination?

Accepted Answer

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during meiosis and increases genetic variation in offspring.

Answer

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during mitosis and results in offspring identical to the parents.

Answer

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during protein synthesis and increases genetic variation in offspring.

Answer

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during DNA replication and results in offspring that are identical to the parents.

Question 18

Which best describes the final result of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

four haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Answer

two haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Answer

two diploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Answer

four diploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 19

A Punnett square of red (R) and white (r) flower colors is shown below.

Which explanation describes how the presence of a white flower color occurred in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

Parents are heterozygous for the recessive gene expressing white color.

Answer

Parents are homozygous for the dominant gene expressing red color.

Answer

Parents are heterozygous for the dominant gene expressing red color.

Answer

Parents are homozygous for the recessive gene expressing white color.

Question 20

Scientists once thought the giant panda was a type of bear. Later, scientists classified giant pandas as relatives of the bear and lesser pandas as relatives of the raccoon. The diagram below shows the revised classification. Which type of evidence would provide the best support for this classification?

Accepted Answer

Giant pandas share more genes with bears, while lesser pandas share more genes with raccoons.

Answer

Giant pandas and lesser pandas began to occupy different habitats.

Answer

Giant pandas and lesser pandas began to eat different types of foods.

Answer

Giant pandas and lesser pandas developed different types of mating behaviors.

Question 21

Gene flow occurs when animals, such as butterflies, move between populations, as shown below. What will most likely happen to the gene pool if there is constant gene flow between the butterfly populations?

Accepted Answer

The gene pool for each butterfly population will become similar.

Answer

There will be less variety of genes in one butterfly population.

Answer

There will be only one butterfly population left with a gene pool.

Answer

The number of genes found in each butterfly population will double.

Question 22

The diagram below represents a section of a cell membrane. What does structure X represent?

Accepted Answer

a lipid

Answer

glycogen

Answer

a protein

Answer

glucose

Question 23

The diagram below shows two setups used to study bacterial growth. Each setup initially contained an equal number of the bacterium E. coli in different carbohydrate solutions. After one hour, a 1-milliliter sample was drawn from each tube and analyzed. The number of bacteria found in the sample from test tube 1 was higher than the number in the sample from test tube 2. What conclusion regarding this investigation is NOT valid?

Accepted Answer

All bacteria grow better in a solution of glucose than in a solution of sucrose.

Answer

The type of sugar solution will make a difference in the rate of growth of E. coli.

Answer

E. coli grows better in a 10% solution of glucose than in a 10% solution of sucrose.

Answer

The rate of growth of E. coli depends on the type of carbohydrate present.

Question 24

Which two macromolecules are used as the primary source of energy for cellular functions?

Accepted Answer

lipids and carbohydrates

Answer

proteins and lipids

Answer

nucleic acids and proteins

Answer

carbohydrates and nucleic acids

Question 25

Which biological theory was being formed during this timeline?

Accepted Answer

cell theory

Answer

germ theory

Answer

theory of evolution

Answer

theory of acquired characteristics

Question 26

The diagram below represents a cell in water. Formulas of molecules that can move freely across the cell membrane are shown. Some molecules are located inside the cell, and others are in the water outside the cell. Based on the distribution of these molecules, what will most likely happen after a certain amount of time?

Accepted Answer

The concentration of O2 will increase inside the cell.

Answer

The concentration of O2 will remain the same outside the cell.

Answer

The concentration of CO2 will remain the same inside the cell.

Answer

The concentration of CO2 will decrease outside the cell.

Question 27

Both the cell membrane and the cell wall act to protect the organelles within a cell. Which of the following best describes how the cell membrane is different from the cell wall?

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane only controls what crosses into the cell, whereas the cell wall only maintains a cell's rigidity.

Answer

The cell membrane is made of a tough cellulose fiber, whereas the cell wall is made of a flexible glycogen fiber.

Answer

The cell membrane is a single-layered membrane, whereas the cell wall is a double-layered membrane.

Answer

The cell wall is only found in plant cells, whereas the cell membrane is found in plant and animal cells.

Question 28

The picture shows a type of cell. Which best describes the type of cell shown?

Accepted Answer

a prokaryotic cell because it does not have a nucleus

Answer

a plant cell because it has a cell wall

Answer

a eukaryotic cell because it has a nucleus

Answer

an animal cell because it does not have a cell wall

Question 29

The diagram below shows a plant undergoing photosynthesis. What reactants are used during photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight?

Accepted Answer

water and carbon dioxide

Answer

oxygen and glucose

Answer

carbon dioxide and oxygen

Answer

glucose, carbon dioxide, water, and light energy

Question 30

The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship?

Accepted Answer

The products of cellular respiration and the reactants of photosynthesis.

Answer

The reactants of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis

Answer

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration use light energy to produce chemical energy.

Answer

Photosynthesis produces light energy while cellular respiration produces chemical energy.

Question 31

The diagram below shows the stages of the cell cycle.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

D, C, B, A, E

Answer

A, B, C, D, E

Answer

B, C, A, D, E

Answer

D. E, A, B, C

Question 32

A scientist discovers an important breakthrough in cancer treatment. The scientist thinks the information could save thousands of lives and immediately announces the results on national television, skipping peer review. How might other scientists react to this news?

Accepted Answer

They will be skeptical because the report was not peer-reviewed.

Answer

They will quickly start to use the new treatment on their patients.

Answer

They will congratulate the scientist for the discovery.

Answer

They will agree with the work and call the scientist a fraud.

Question 33

During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell that has four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing how many chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

four chromosomes

Answer

two chromosomes

Answer

eight chromosomes

Answer

sixteen chromosomes

Question 34

Water is essential for life and is important for plant growth and function. Which property of water is most responsible for its ability to move from the root of a plant to the stem?

Accepted Answer

Water exhibits cohesive forces.

Answer

Water is an excellent solvent.

Answer

Water expands as it freezes.

Answer

Water is able to moderate temperature.

Question 35

Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity.

Answer

Water is a good solvent.

Answer

Water exhibits strong cohesion.

Answer

Water has an unusual crystalline structure.

Question 36

Sophia produces the graph shown below during a biology class investigation.

What could she infer about the probable difference between the original reaction and Reaction B, based on the data?

Accepted Answer

A catalyst was added to Reaction B.

Answer

Glucose was added to Reaction B

Answer

Additional water was added to Reaction B.

Answer

Additional reactants were added to Reaction B.

Question 37

In an experiment observing yeast respiration, Douglas notes that during the first day, carbon dioxide was produced. After three days, alcohol was produced. Which statement below would explain these results?

Accepted Answer

The yeast cells were going through aerobic respiration for the first two days of the experiment then the cells switched to anaerobic respiration when the available oxygen was gone from the vessel.

Answer

It took three days for the yeast cells to finish a fermentation cycle to produce the alcohol.

Answer

The alcohol is formed from decaying yeast cells. Three days is the normal life span of a yeast cell.

Answer

Alcohol is formed from carbon dioxide when present with yeast, and the concentration of carbon dioxide had to be high enough for that reaction to occur.

Question 38

What is the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) within a cell?

Accepted Answer

To store chemical energy.

Answer

To use glucose.

Answer

To control chemical reactions.

Answer

To release carbon dioxide.

Question 39

Scientists have developed bioengineered crops that are more resistant to damage by frost, chemicals, and drought. Crops have been bioengineered also to produce larger crop yields. What is a potential drawback to increased use of bioengineered crops?

Accepted Answer

A loss of genetic variation will occur.

Answer

Food costs will be lower.

Answer

Food supply will decrease.

Answer

An increase in disease resistance.

Question 40

Recent data indicate that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are increasing. What change in the carbon cycle has most likely caused this increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

an increase in the burning of fossil fuels

Answer

a decrease in photosynthesis by plants

Answer

an increase in cellular respiration by plants

Answer

a decrease in decomposition by soil bacteria

Question 41

The genetic information within a cell must be preserved for the cell to continue its functions. Where is this genetic information safely stored inside a eukaryotic plant or animal cell?

Accepted Answer

in the nucleus

Answer

in the mitochondria

Answer

on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Answer

within the lipid layers of the cell membrane

Question 42

The drawing below shows the magnified surface of a plant leaf.

How does this component contribute to the survival of the plant?

Accepted Answer

It allows the intake of gases necessary for photosynthesis.

Answer

It allows the intake of minerals necessary for plant growth.

Answer

It allows the intake of sunlight necessary for ATP production.

Answer

It allows the intake of sugars necessary for plant reproduction.

Question 43

The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened polio viruses. Which of the following statements explains why vaccinated individuals become protected against polio?

Accepted Answer

Weakened viruses promote production of antibodies.

Answer

Weakened viruses prevent further viral invasion.

Answer

Weakened viruses are too weak to cause illness.

Answer

Weakened viruses induce an inflammatory response.

Question 44

The illustration below shows a human brain.

Which lobe is found in the area designated by label 2?

Accepted Answer

temporal

Answer

parietal

Answer

occipital

Answer

frontal

Question 45

The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its effects on blood flow?

Accepted Answer

High blood viscosity increases the resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow.

Answer

The narrowing of blood vessels increases pressure and leads to faster blood flow

Answer

Low blood pH decreases the rate of diffusion through the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow.

Answer

The changing of the shape of red blood cells to a crescent shape decreases resistance and leads to faster blood flow.

Question 46

Charles Darwin described how species change over time. Which of the following is NOT a part of his observations that describes the mechanisms of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Disease and natural disaster will limit population growth.

Answer

Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.

Answer

Species today descended with modifications from ancestral species

Answer

Organisms with advantages will survive and reproduce.

Question 47

A community is concerned about the water quality of a nearby lake. Increased sedimentation in hte lake is endangering the native fish and crustaceans. The increased sedimentation is most likely caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

construction of homes along the lake

Answer

trees planted along the shore of the lake

Answer

the amount of sunlight on the lake

Answer

the amount of fish in the lake

Question 48

The common brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundance of food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?

Accepted Answer

The ecosystem experienced a loss of biodiversity due to the possum outcompeting native species.

Answer

The possum became extinct.

Answer

The possum developed a shorter lifespan.

Answer

The possum population evolved into a different species.

Question 49

The diagram shows the cycling of nutrients and energy in an ecosystem

The removal of which of the following organisms would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system?

Accepted Answer

grasses

Answer

grasshopper

Answer

snake

Answer

hawk

Question 50

The diagram below shows the feeding patterns in a particular ecosystem.

Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of this ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels

Answer

There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels.

Answer

There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels.

Answer

There is more available enregy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in the lower trophic levels have

Question 51

The map below shows areas of drought in the United States.

Which statement correctly identifies the most likely cause of the drought conditions?

Accepted Answer

Water is being drawn from rivers in Western states for driking water, and crop irrigation at a faster rate than it can be renewed naturally.

Answer

Water is a non-renewable resource and is almost all used up

Answer

States in the East, such as Florida, are pumping water from Western states lakes and rivers.

Answer

The burning of fossil fuels uses up more water than we have.

Question 52

Which of the following statements is true of the production of energy from matter?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration creates energy from carbohydrates.

Answer

Photosynthesis creates energy from CO and H O.

Answer

Photosynthesis creates energy from carbohydrates.

Answer

Cellular respiration creates energy from CO and H O.

Question 53

A woman is drinking from a river that is used to dump the village's waste. How could this impact the health of individuals and the public?

Accepted Answer

The water will be contaminated and potentially transfer pathogens to the woman.

Answer

The water upstream will have diluted any pathogens by the time it gets to the woman.

Answer

Pathogens do not live in water, and therefore, will not have an impact on the woman.

Answer

The pathogens are harmless against the human's immune system.

Question 54

An adaptation is a characteristic an organism has that makes it suited for a particular environment. A diagram of an aquatic system is provided.

Compared to organisms that live in the euphotic zone, organisms living in the aphotic zone must be specially adapted to survive under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Decreased light levels

Answer

Higher temperatures

Answer

More photosynthetic organisms

Answer

Longer periods of daylight

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