Exploring Organic Chemistry: From Basics to Biological Polymers

What was the original belief about the origin of organic compounds in the 1800s?

• They had to be made biologically.

• They were exclusively derived from non-living matter.

• They could only be synthesized in a laboratory.

• They were considered inorganic.

What is the general formula for most carbohydrates?

• Cn(H2O)n

• CnH2nOn

• CH2O

• CnH2n+2

Which carbohydrate classification is based on the number of carbon atoms?

• Aldoses and ketoses

• Alpha and beta forms

• Trioses, tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses

• Pyranoses and furanoses

What distinguishes DNA from RNA?

• DNA uses uracil, whereas RNA uses thymine.

• DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.

• The sugar in DNA is ribose, while in RNA it is deoxyribose.

• The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA it is ribose.

What is the role of nucleotides in nucleic acids?

• They form the backbone of lipid bilayers.

• They are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

• They determine the primary structure of proteins.

• They act as enzymes in metabolic reactions.

What are triglycerides made of?

• Phosphate groups and glycerol.

• Two fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.

• Three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.

• Cholesterol and fatty acids.

What forms when a fatty acid links up with glycerol?

• A nucleotide

• A phospholipid

• A triglyceride

• An amino acid

Which molecule is a key component of cell membranes?

• Steroids

• Phospholipids

• Triglycerides

• Fatty acids

What is the significance of the side chains in amino acids?

• They are the same in all 20 standard amino acids.

• They determine the shape and function of a protein.

• They influence the amino acid's ability to form zwitterions.

• They determine the amino acid's name.

What is a zwitterion?

• A molecule with both positive and negative charges.

• A molecule with only a negative charge.

• A molecule with only a positive charge.

• A molecule without any charge.