Lesson 16 Review

For what purpose was the Newcomen steam engine originally designed?

• to propel commercial barges down canals
• to power the spinning jenny
• to pump water out of coal mines
• to drive railroad trains

What was the first industry in Great Britain to be transformed by industrialization?

• steel production
• railroads
• textile production
• agriculture

All of the following are reasons why Great Britain became the first nation to industrialize EXCEPT

• Britain had a strong aristocratic patronage system.
• Britain had a well-developed transportation system.
• Britain had people available to work in factories.
• Britain had the raw materials needed for industry.

How did railroads contribute to the success of industrialization in Britain?

• They allowed workers to more easily commute to work.
• They helped create a national market for goods.
• They guaranteed Britain’s monopoly on the cotton trade.
• They increased demand for coal and steel.

One way industrialization in France was different from industrialization in Britain was that France

• did not begin to industrialize until the 1880s.
• emphasized government funding over private industry.
• never industrialized their textile industry.
• relied more on water power than steam power.

The Bessemer process was

• an inexpensive way to convert iron ore into high quality steel.
• a way to easily convert water energy into steam energy.
• the conversion of whale oil into a lubricant for machinery.
• the mechanical separation of cotton fibers from cotton seeds.

How did the invention of interchangeable parts change manufacturing?

• They allowed heavy manufacturing to spread from Britain to Europe and the United States.
• They allowed manufacturing to move from cottage industry to the factory system.
• They allowed one worker to perform all the tasks in the assembly process.
• They allowed the assembly of complex devices based on a series of simple operations.

Which of the following is a reason why Germany began industrializing later than other major powers?

• Germany primarily concentrated its energies on its overseas empire.
• Germany was held back by its rigid social hierarchy.
• Germany was not a unified state for most of the 1800s.
• Germany was preoccupied by civil war.

Which industry did Japan mechanize?

• agricultural industry
• railroad industry
• silk-weaving industry
• none of the above

Which of the following was NOT an advantage of the factory system?

• It allowed merchants to supervise their workers.
• It allowed merchants to take advantage of new machinery.
• It gave workers more varied tasks to perform.
• It produced manufactured goods more rapidly.