Chapter 8: Livestock and the Open-Range Test

The increasing demand by ranchers for grazing land forced Indians to _____ their land.

• greenhorns
• forage
• cede
• mavericks
• outfits

The grasslands of Montana provided wonderful _____ for cattle.

• greenhorns
• forage
• cede
• mavericks
• outfits

_____ frequently had jokes played on them by the older cowboys.

• greenhorns
• forage
• cede
• mavericks
• outfits

Hereford and Angus cattle were run by most Montana _____.

• greenhorns
• forage
• cede
• mavericks
• outfits

Lost and unidentified _____ often became the property of whoever found them.

• greenhorns
• forage
• cede
• mavericks
• outfits

Montana grasslands were valued for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that

• the native species were nutritious.
• they were free and plentiful.
• there were plenty of streams for water.
• the sheepherders were already successful.

The Montana gold rush contributed to the expansion of the ranching industry because

• raising cattle was an easier job than mining.
• the population boomed and local wild game decreased.
• miners had no time for hunting.
• it was too far to transport beef from the East.

The federal government took reservation land from Indians and made it available for grazing

• because they believed ranchers would make better use of it.
• when Indians started raising horses.
• after the gold-mining industry decreased.
• so that ranchers could fence the land.

The roundup was needed on the open range because

• it was a time for people to gather together.
• brands were often changed by rustlers during the winter.
• cattle strayed and got mixed up with other herds.
• maverick calves could be claimed by anyone.

Despite the hard work, many young men came west to be cowboys

• for relatively good wages and adventure.
• to avoid military service.
• because they had lost their farm jobs in the East.
• because the fur trade was finished.