chapter 23

Mendel’s Laws

• Mendel's Laws are the rules of physics discovered by Isaac Newton
• Mendel's Laws are the guidelines for cooking discovered by Gordon Ramsay
• Mendel's Laws are the traffic regulations discovered by the local police department
• The science of genetics explains the process of inheritance and why there are variations between offspring from one generation to the next

Alternate forms of a gene for the same trait are called

• alleles
• mutations
• chromosomes
• genes

The phenotype of an individual refers to the individual’s

• Blood type
• Genetic code
• IQ level
• actual appearance

The genotype refers to the alleles the chromosomes carry that are responsible for

• Specific traits or characteristics
• Height
• Blood type
• Eye color

A capital letter indicates a dominant

• allele

• Gene
• Mutation
• Recessive

a lowercase letter indicates a recessive

• recessive
• allele
• gene
• dominant

If the two members of the allelic pair are the same, the organism is said to be

• Homozygous
• Monoploid
• Diploid
• Heterozygous

If the two members of the allelic pair are different the organism is said to be

• monoploid
• heterozygous
• diploid
• homozygous

The gametes have only one blank for each trait

• allele
• nucleotide
• gene
• chromosome

A Punnett square can be used to keep track of all the alleles in a one-trait cross, or

• Predict the exact outcome of a genetic cross
• or monohybrid cross

• Determine the genotype of an individual
• Identify the phenotype of an organism