Understanding Evolution: A Deep Dive

What does 'fitness' refer to in biological terms?

• The ability to survive longer than others

• The ability to adapt to environmental changes

• The number of offspring an organism produces

• The physical strength of an organism

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?

• Gene flow

• Mutation

• Natural selection

• Individual adaptation

What does the term 'gene flow' refer to?

• The transfer of genes within a population

• The movement of genes from one population to another

• The creation of new genes through mutation

• The loss of genes due to genetic drift

What is the primary cause of mutations in a population?

• Natural selection

• Changes in the environment

• Random changes in genetic material

• Intentional breeding practices

What does genetic drift involve?

• Changes due to random chance events

• Changes due to mutations

• Changes due to selective breeding

• Changes due to gene flow

Why do green grasshoppers have higher biological fitness in certain environments?

• They have a stronger immune system

• They reproduce more quickly

• They are better camouflaged from predators

• They can jump higher than other grasshoppers

Which of the following best describes 'analogous structures'?

• Structures that have lost all or most of their original function

• Structures that are present during embryonic development only

• Structures in different species with different functions but similar evolutionary origins

• Structures in different species with a common function but different evolutionary origins

What is a homologous structure?

• A structure with different functions that comes from a common ancestor

• A structure that appears during embryonic development only

• A structure that is unique to each species

• A structure with the same function in different species

What is the significance of vestigial structures in evolution?

• They are structures inherited from ancestors that have lost most of their original function

• They show structures that have evolved to perform new functions

• They indicate structures that are crucial for survival

• They are newly evolved structures that are not found in ancestors

What evidence does embryology provide for evolution?

• It reveals the exact genetic makeup of ancient species

• It shows how adult forms of different species are similar

• It proves that all species have identical DNA

• It demonstrates similarities in embryonic development stages among different species