Cyber security

Which of the following is a type of software that allows users to browse and access websites on the internet?

• Web browser
• Operating system
• Spreadsheet software
• Search engine

Answer explanation

A web browser takes you anywhere on the internet. It retrieves information from other parts of the web and displays it on your desktop or mobile device. The information is transferred using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, which defines how text, images and video are transmitted on the web.

Which of the following is a type of computer memory that is volatile and loses its data when the power is turned off?

• RAM
• Cache
• EEPROM
• ROM

Answer explanation

RAM is your computer or laptop's short-term memory. It's where the data is stored that your computer processor needs to run your applications and open your files.

Which of the following is a type of software that is designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software?

• ransomware software
• spyware software
• antivirus software
• malware software

Answer explanation

Antivirus software (antivirus program) is a security program designed to prevent, detect, search and remove viruses and other types of malware from computers, networks and other devices.

Which of the following is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software?

• Worm

• Spyware
• Ransomware
• Trojan horse

Answer explanation

A Trojan Horse Virus is a type of malware that downloads onto a computer disguised as a legitimate program. The delivery method typically sees an attacker use social engineering to hide malicious code within legitimate software to try and gain users' system access with their software.

Which of the following is a file system commonly used in Windows operating systems?

• EXT4
• HFS+
• NTFS
• FAT32

Answer explanation

NT file system (NTFS), which is also sometimes called the New Technology File System, is a process that the Windows NT operating system uses for storing, organising, and finding files on a hard disk efficiently.

Which command is used to change directory in a command-line interface?

• dir
• cd
• chdir
• move

Answer explanation

The cd command, also known as chdir (change directory), is a command-line shell command used to change the current working directory in various operating systems. It can be used in shell scripts and batch files.

Which of the following is a type of software that allows users to create, edit, and manage databases?

• presentation software
• word processing software
• database management software
• spreadsheet management software

Answer explanation

Database Management Systems (DBMS) are software systems used to store, retrieve, and run queries on data.

You have fixed a printer problem and verified full functionality. What is the next step to take in the best practice methodology?

• Establish a theory of probable cause.

• Conduct internal or external research.

• Document the solution and troubleshooting steps
• Establish a theory of probable cause.

Answer explanation

Document findings, actions, and outcomes.

After verifying full system functionality and implementing preventive measures as needed, the final step in the best practice methodology is to document findings, actions, and outcomes.

You have discovered a fix for a broken laptop. Before implementing changes, what should you consider, according to the best practice methodology?

• The user’s budget

• Upgrade feasibility

• Corporate policies

• Company reputation

Answer explanation

You should always consider corporate policies, procedures, and impacts before implementing changes.

You have implemented a solution that resolved an audio problem on a laptop computer. Following the best practice methodology, what is the next step to take?

• Document findings, actions, and outcomes

• Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem

• 
  Review system and application logs

• Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventive measures.

Answer explanation

Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventive measures.

The fourth step in the best practice methodology is to establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the solution, which was done already. The next step is to verify full system functionality and implement preventive measures. The final step is to document findings, actions, and outcomes. Reviewing system and application logs is part of identifying the problem, which is the first step.