Diabetes Study Quiz

What happens when the membrane potential collapses in β cells?

• K⁺ channels open wider, increasing potassium influx.

• GLUT-2 transporters are activated to increase glucose uptake.

• Voltage-sensitive Ca²⁺ channels are activated.

• Secretory granules are deactivated.

How does the influx of Ca²⁺ ions affect insulin release in β cells?

• It decreases the synthesis of insulin at the genetic level.

• It triggers the fusion of secretory granules with the cell membrane to release insulin.

• It blocks the insulin receptors on the cell surface.

• It stimulates the breakdown of insulin into inactive fragments.

What is the primary function of ATP in alpha cell function as depicted in the diagram?

• It increases the calcium ion concentration.

• It triggers the secretion of glucagon.

• It blocks the potassium channels.

• It reduces the potassium leakage current.

According to the diagram, how do alpha cells behave differently from beta cells under low ATP conditions?

• Alpha cells increase calcium ion concentration.

• Alpha cells decrease potassium leakage current.

• Alpha cells exhibit depolarization/triggering activity.

• Alpha cells increase the secretion of glucagon.

What paradoxical effect occurs when potassium channels are blocked in alpha cells?

• Increased ATP reduces triggering.

• Decreased ATP increases triggering.

• Increased glucagon secretion.

• Decreased calcium ion concentration.

What is the primary function of ATP in the context of α cell function as depicted in the diagram?

• ATP blocks the Ca²⁺ channels.

• ATP triggers the secretion of glucagon.

• ATP increases the K⁺ leakage current.

• ATP blocks the K⁺ channels.

How do α cells differ from β cells in their response to low ATP levels?

• α cells increase Ca²⁺ influx, while β cells decrease it.

• α cells decrease K⁺ leakage current, while β cells increase it.

• α cells exhibit depolarization under low ATP conditions, while β cells do not.

• α cells block K⁺ channels, while β cells open more Ca²⁺ channels.

What paradoxical effect occurs when K⁺ channels are blocked in α cells?

• Blocking K⁺ channels decreases ATP levels.

• Blocking K⁺ channels increases Ca²⁺ influx.

• Blocking K⁺ channels reduces the triggering of depolarization.

• Blocking K⁺ channels triggers the secretion of more glucagon.

What hormone is primarily involved in responding to hypoglycemia, as indicated in the diagram?

• Insulin

• Adrenaline

• Glucagon

• Cortisol

According to the diagram, which organ does not increase glucose production in response to glucagon?

• Liver

• Pancreas

• Brain

• Brown adipose tissue