Chap. 14

Every protein is assembled on _?_ according to instructions that are copied from _?_.

• mRNAs; tRNAs

• tRNAs; mRNAs

• ribosomes; mRNAs

• tRNAs; DNA

• ribosomes; DNA

The process of transcription refers to the use of information encoded in _?_ to make _?_.

• RNA; a DNA strand

• DNA; a polypeptide

• DNA; a complementary RNA copy

• a polypeptide; RNA

• RNA; a polypeptide

The process of translation refers to the use of information encoded in __ to make __.

• RNA; a DNA strand

• DNA; a polypeptide

• DNA; a complementary RNA copy

• a polypeptide; RNA

• RNA; a polypeptide

Protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes are transcribed by

• RNA polymerase I.

• RNA polymerase II

• RNA polymerase III.

• either RNA polymerase I or III.

• either RNA polymerase II or III.

Proteins called transcription factors are involved in _?_ of transcription.

• both initiation and termination stages

• both initiation of and elongation stages

• the termination stage

• the initiation stage

• the initiation, elongation, and termination stages

While a eukaryotic pre-mRNA is still being synthesized it is modified on its 5' end when

• exon shuffling mixes mRNA pieces.

• enzymes recognize a polyadenylation signal in the trailing RNA sequence.

• the RNA introns are cut out by the spliceosome.

• an enzyme adds a guanine-containing cap.

• the RNA exons are spliced together.

The process of transcription in eukaryotes ends when

• exon shuffling mixes mRNA pieces.

• enzymes recognize a polyadenylation signal in the trailing RNA sequence.

• the RNA introns are cut out by the spliceosome.

• an enzyme adds a guanine-containing cap.

• the RNA exons are spliced together.

The process of removing introns from mRNA and putting the remaining exons together occurs in a complex called the _?_.

• ribosomes

• anticodon

• lariat

• polysome

• spliceosome

Human cells produce perhaps as many as 100,000 different proteins, and yet the human genome has only about 20,000 genes. This is best explained by

• aminoacylation

• exon shuffling

• the wobble hypothesis

• degeneracy

• alternative splicing

The region in a tRNA that bonds with mRNA during translation is the _?_.

• anticodon

• aminoacylation site

• TATA box

• cloverleaf

• reading frame