American Government Final

[Scenario] A police officer has pulled over a citizen going over the speed limit. Judging the appearance of the person, the officer asks the driver to step out of the vehicle and begins searching the car. Which amendment of the Constitution most directly relates to this scenario?

• First Amendment
• Second Amendment
• Fifth Amendment
• Fourth Amendment

[Scenario] A US Supreme Court Justice dies at the age of 83 leaving a vacancy on the Supreme Court. The President selects an individual -- from his political party -- to fill the now empty position. However, the Senate refuses to approve the President's candidate and demands for the President to find a less partisan person to take the position. Which of the following government terms best relates to the scenario?

• separation of powers
• executive privilege
• judicial review
• checks and balances

Which of the following responses best describes the similarity shared by the 15th, 19th, and 26th amendments to the Constitution?

• They all abolished slavery.
• They all established the federal income tax.
• They all limited presidential terms.
• They all expanded voting rights.

[Scenario] In 2017, the state of Georgia passed legislation to tax all purchases of gasoline at the pump. This additional revenue generated from the "gas tax" helped fund several road projects over the next year. Which of the following terms best relates to this power to tax and perform public works as it is shared between the state and national government?

• Concurrent Powers

• Reserved Powers

• Enumerated Powers

• Central Powers

In Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton argued that the Supreme Court was the weakest branch of the national government and did not serve as a threat to the American public. Which of the following responses would serve as the best evidence of this claim?

• Supreme Court Justices have lifetime tenure

• Supreme Court Justices can reinterpret the Constitution in their decisions through judicial review

• Supreme Court Justices can help shape public policy

• Supreme Court Justices do not have power to tax, or power to enforce any of their decisions

Place the following policies and political parties beneath the ideology which would be most likely to support them.

Groups:

(a) Liberal

,

(b) Conservative

• Believes that American systems are flawed and need changing

• Would be most likely to pass affirmative action policies

• Would be most likely to pass policies that cut taxes or reduce government power

• Represented by the Democratic Party

• Represented by the Republican Party

• Believes in the value of tradition and preserving long-held social standards

In the Declaration of Independence, it is written that "all men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights..." Which of the following terms best relates to the phrase "unalienable rights"?

• Limited Government

• Natural Rights

• Sovereign Rights

• Social Contract Rights

Which of the following terms is best relates to the phrase "rule by the will of the people"?

• Popular Sovereignty

• Limited Government

• Anarchy

• Oligarchy

In 1215, King John I was forced by his nobles to sign the Magna Carta which established basic boundaries for the king and rights for the people. Which of the following terms best relates to the principle shown here?

• Macroeconomics

• Libertarianism

• Abolitionism

• Limited Government

Which of the following Enlightenment Philosophers held that people were naturally evil and that strong centralized governments must be erected (built) to stave off anarchy and chaos which naturally flows from people?

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Montesquieu

• Jean Jacques Rousseau