Tutorial Ethics

Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development by:

• analyzing patterns of children's responses to items about moral decisions on questionnaires.

• classifying children's solutions to difficult moral problems.

• observing children interact with each other when they are in conflict.

• interviewing families about how they have taught moral principles to their children.

Stephanie's behavior is controlled by external rewards and punishments. Stephanie's behavior reflects which level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

• preconventional reasoning

• conventional reasoning

• interconventional reasoning

• postconventional reasoning

In which stage of Kohlberg's scheme of moral development is a person most likely to imitate the moral standards of others?

• individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange

• mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity

• social systems morality

• community rights vs. individual rights

Sarah is about to deliver a baby. Her husband is driving her to the hospital at 80 miles per hour. Their children are also in the car. Billy says, "Daddy, you can't go this fast. It's against the law." Mandi says, "It's all right, Billy. Daddy has to get Mommy to the hospital quickly. This car is like an ambulance." What is Mandi's moral level?

• conventional

• preconventional

• postconventional

• heteronomous morality

The greatest degree of internalization of moral standards is to be found in a stage of moral development called:

• mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity.

• social systems morality.

• universal ethical principles.

• social contract or utility and individual rights

Kohlberg’s ideas of moral development has ____ levels.

• three

• four

• two

• six

Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development emphasizes

• justice perspective

• collectivist perspective

• care perspective

• moral perxpective

A child who says he should not lie to his parents because he would get punished if he got caught demonstrates the _________ level of morality.

• preconventional

• postconventional

• nonconventional

• conventional

As Shane and Deb are preparing their joint yearly taxes, they consider not reporting income that Deb received. Deb suggests that misreporting their taxes could result in fines and imprisonment. Shane suggests that such consequences would embarrass the family and possibly ruin their children's future. They subsequently decide not to misreport income. In making this decision, Shane reflects the _____ stage of moral development and Deb reflects the _____ stage.

• conventional; conventional

• preconventional; preconventional

• postconventional; preconventional

• conventional; preconventional

A teacher tells her students: “You must be honest at all times not only because you are afraid of punishment but more because you yourselves are convinced of the value honesty.” Based on Kohlberg’s theory, which level of moral development does he teacher want her students to reach?

• conventional

• between conventional and post-conventional

• betwen pre-conventional and post-conventional

• post-conventional