Shock

Cardiogenic shock can be best defined as

• massive hemodilution in veins causing massive bleeding

• inability of heart to pump blood out effectively (pump failure), resulting in decreased cardiac output

• failure of RAAS leading to pooling of blood in the feet

• massive vasodilation caused by inflammatory response of body due to overwhelming infection

Which of the following is a common symptom of cardiogenic shock?

• High blood pressure

• Shortness of breath

• Increased urine output

• Elevated body temperature

What is the primary cause of cardiogenic shock?

• Severe dehydration

• Heart attack

• Severe allergic reaction

• Massive blood loss

Which diagnostic test is most commonly used to confirm cardiogenic shock?

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)

• Complete blood count (CBC)

• Chest X-ray

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Olivia is a medical student learning about the treatment of cardiogenic shock. Which of the following treatments should she consider?

• intra aortic balloon pump

• correction of arrhythmias

• IV protonix and antibiotics

• intubation is never needed

During a biology class, Michael experienced anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic shock is defined as

• Low blood pressure related to inability of heart to pump

• massive vasodilation related to septic shock

• massive vasodilation caused by release of histamines in response to allergic reaction

• Dysfunction of brain hormones

William is experiencing anaphylactic shock. Types of medications used to treat him include

• Histamine blocker

• Epinephrine

• Volume expander

• Bronchodilators

What is a common cause of hypovolemic shock?

• Excessive fluid intake leading to hypertension

• Severe blood loss reducing blood volume

• Heart failure causing fluid retention

• Chronic use of antihypertensive medications

What is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock?

• Antibiotics

• Antihypertensive medications

• Epinephrine injection

• Diuretics

Which of the following is a common sign of septic shock?

• Bradycardia

• Hypotension

• Hyperglycemia

• Hyperthermia