Final Review: Part 1

Which factor contributed most to the development of the Renaissance in Italy?

• City-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade.

• Nobles in Italy had been military leaders in the Crusades.

• The Catholic Church provided political stability to the region.

• The region had become politically unified under one Italian king.

Which new approach to scientific thought is illustrated in the excerpt?

• Rejecting religious teachings about the physical world

• Employing laboratories to confirm the results of theories

• Using direct observation instead of relying on previous beliefs

• Adhering to the practices passed down by the Greeks and Romans

The changing social views that emphasized the growing individualism and secularism emerging during the European Renaissance came to be known as —

• enlightenment

• humanism

• rebirth

• reformation

What economic change in Europe during the Renaissance facilitated the flourishing of art that characterized the time period?

• Introduction of paper currency that was in higher demand by artists

• Creation of a barter system that allowed artists to trade more easily

• Growth of a merchant class with additional income used to patron the arts

• Development of government programs that paid for the education of artists

How did the Catholic Church respond to the religious changes brought about by the Reformation?

• It allowed Catholic priests to marry.

• It launched a Counter-Reformation.

• It replaced the Pope with a new leader.

• It issued an English translation of the Bible.

In what way does the painting illustrate advances that were being made during the Renaissance?

• The subjects are both trained navigators.

• Many pictured items were discovered in the Americas.

• Two globes and navigational instruments are pictured.

• Influences from Greek and Roman architecture can be seen.

Which action most contributed to the onset of the Scientific Revolution in sixteenth-century Europe?

• Invention of the new methods of accounting

• Creation of a navigation school by Prince Henry

• Introduction of new products from the Americas

• Publication/collaboration of new theories related to astronomy

When Europeans witnessed an explosion of progress in art, literature, science, and philosophy from 1350 to 1550, they were experiencing a Renaissance or 'rebirth' of —

• Enlightenment viewpoints

• ancient Egyptian culture

• Greek and Roman ideals

• Eastern religions

One of the primary motivations for European exploration in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was to —

• engage directly in international trade for profit

• conquer other people to serve as forced laborers

• locate remote islands for the relocation of criminals

• find new sources of food for Europe’s growing population

The main reason for the loss of lives described in the excerpt is that American Indians —

• were shipped to Europe as slaves

• experienced a series of famines

• exhausted their supplies of natural resources

• were not immune to European diseases