OB Mid Term Exam May 15th 2024

A nurse is caring for a client who is considering several methods of contraception. Which of the following methods of contraception should the nurse identify as being most reliable?

• A male condom

• An intrauterine device (IUD)

• An oral contraceptive

• A diaphragm with spermicide.

Answer explanation

An IUD is found to have a failure rate of less than 1 in 100 users, which makes it one of the most reliable methods of contraception.

The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a client in labor. What is the appropriate terminology for the relationship of the fetal body parts to one another?

• Presentation

• Attitude

• Lie

• Position

Which presumptive sign or symptom of pregnancy would a client experience who is approximately 10 weeks of gestation?

• Amenorrhea

• Positive pregnancy test

• Hegar sign

• Chadwick sign

The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a client in labor. What is the appropriate terminology for the relationship of the fetal body parts to one another?

• Presentation

• Attitude

• Lie

• Position

. The nurse has received a report regarding a client in labor. The woman’s last vaginal examination was recorded as 3 cm, 30%, and –2. What is the nurse’s interpretation of this assessment?

• Cervix is dilated 3 cm and effaced 30%; the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines.

• Cervix is effaced 3 cm and dilated 30%; the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines

• Cervix is effaced 3 cm and dilated 30%; the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines.

• Cervix is dilated 3 cm and effaced 30%; the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines.

A labor and delivery nurse should be cognizant of which information regarding how the fetus moves through the birth canal?

• Normal attitude of the fetus is called general flexion.

• Fetal attitude describes the angle at which the fetus exits the uterus.

• Of the two primary fetal lies, the horizontal lie is that in which the long axis of the fetus is parallel to the long axis of the mother.

• Transverse lie is preferred for vaginal birth.

A woman’s position is an important component of the labor progress. Which guidance is important for the nurse to provide to the laboring client?

• The laboring client positioned on her hands and knees (“all fours” position) is hard on the woman’s back.

• The supine position, which is commonly used in the United States, increases blood flow.

• In a sitting or squatting position, abdominal muscles of the laboring client will have to work harder.

• Frequent changes in position help relieve fatigue and increase the comfort of the laboring client.

Which description of the four stages of labor is correct for both the definition and the duration?

• Third stage: active pushing to birth; 20 minutes (multiparous woman), 50 minutes (nulliparous woman)

• Fourth stage: delivery of the placenta to recovery; 30 minutes to 1 hour

• First stage: onset of regular uterine contractions to full dilation; less than 1 hour to 20 hours

• Second stage: full effacement to 4 to 5 cm; visible presenting part; 1 to 2 hours

Nurses should be cognizant of what regarding the mechanism of labor?

• Seven critical movements usually progress in a orderly sequence.

• Effects of the forces determining descent are modified by the shape of the woman’s pelvis and the size of the fetal head

• Asynclitism is sometimes achieved by means of the Leopold’s maneuver.

• At birth, the baby is said to achieve “restitution”; that is, a return to the C-shape of the womb.

Which statement related to fetal positioning during labor is correct and important for the nurse to understand?

• Engagement is the term used to describe the beginning of labor.

• Birth is imminent when the presenting part is at +4 to +5 cm below the spine.

• Position is a measure of the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal.

• The largest transverse diameter of the presenting part is the suboccipitobregmatic diameter.