10. Standard of proof

What is the presumption of innocence?

• The right of a person to remain silent

• The right of a person accused of a crime to be presumed not guilty unless proven otherwise

• The right of a person to be presumed guilty until proven innocent

• The right of a person to legal representation

What is the standard of proof in criminal cases?

• Clear and convincing evidence

• Beyond reasonable doubt

• Balance of probabilities

• Preponderance of evidence

Who has the burden of proof in a criminal case?

• The prosecution

• The judge

• The accused

• The defense attorney

What is the role of the magistrate or jury in a criminal case?

• To defend the accused

• To prosecute the accused

• To impartially consider the evidence and decide if the accused is guilty beyond reasonable doubt

• To prove the innocence of the accused

Which international treaty protects the presumption of innocence?

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• The European Convention on Human Rights

• The Geneva Convention

• The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

What must police officers reasonably believe before arresting someone?

• That the person will flee

• That the person has a lawyer

• That the person has committed a crime

• That the person is innocent

What right does an accused person have after being arrested and charged?

• The right to choose the judge

• The right to be immediately released

• The right to a speedy trial

• The right to apply for bail

What does the right to silence mean for the accused?

• The accused does not need to answer any questions and this silence is not to be interpreted as guilt

• The accused must answer all questions

• The accused must give evidence in court

• The accused must remain silent at all times

When can the accused's previous convictions be revealed in court?

• During the arrest

• During the sentencing process

• During the bail hearing

• During the trial

What right does a person have if they are wrongfully convicted?

• The right to remain in prison

• The right to appeal the conviction

• The right to a new trial

• The right to compensation