What are the three main components of the scientific attitude that relate to critical thinking?

• Curiosity, skepticism, and humility

• Confidence, intuition, and common sense

• Tradition, authority, and faith

• Popularity, media influence, and personal beliefs

What methods do psychologists use to observe and describe behavior?

• Case studies, naturalistic observations, and surveys

• Random sampling and controlled experiments

• Theoretical analysis and literature review

• Hypothesis testing and data mining

Why is random sampling important in psychological research?

• It ensures the study is biased

• It helps in generalizing the results to a larger population

• It focuses on specific groups only

• It eliminates the need for a control group

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?

• A) Well-accepted answer

• B) Scientifically tested and proven

• C) Educated guess

• D) Supported by many experiments

What is a key characteristic of a theory?

• A) Not tested yet

• B) Based on limited data

• C) Well-tested

• D) Educated guess

What is an operational definition in the context of a research study?

• A) A general statement about the research topic

• B) A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study

• C) A subjective interpretation of the research findings

• D) A hypothesis about the research outcomes

Why is the phrase "sleep deprived" considered too subjective in research?

• A) It is a commonly understood term

• B) It has different definitions for different people

• C) It is a precise scientific term

• D) It is not related to the research study

What does replication in research involve?

• A) Conducting the same tests or research with different participants in different situations to get the same results

• B) Changing the research methods to get different results

• C) Using the same participants for all research studies

• D) Avoiding repetition of any research study

What is the purpose of replication in research?

• A) To introduce new variables into the study

• B) To help further prove or disprove the theory

• C) To avoid any form of repetition in research

• D) To change the research outcomes

Who creates the operational definition?

• The participants of the study

• The researcher conducting the study

• The funding agency

• The peer reviewers