Final review history

What is the chief characteristic of an absolute monarchy?

• Shared authority with the parliament

• Complete authority over the government and the lives of the people

• Authority derived from the people

• Limited authority over the government

Who believed in the divine right theory and took the sun as the symbol of his absolute power?

• Peter the Great

• Louis XIV

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

Who said "i am the state"

• Peter the Great

• Louis XIV

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

What was the power source of the Industrial Revolution

• electric bulb

• plain

• train

• steam engine

................. An absolute monarch in France

• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Marie Antoinette
• Joan of Arc
• Louis XIV

who invented the steam engine

• james watt

• Thomas edison

• nikola tesla

• Thomas newcomen

True or False:

British engineer Henry Bessemer and American inventor William Kelly independently developed a new process for making steel from iron

• True

• False

Explain the Harsh conditions in factories during the industrial revolution

Answer explanation

The heart of the new industrial city was the factory. There, the technology of the machine age imposed a harsh and dangerous way of life on workers. The miners who supplied the coal and iron for the Industrial Age faced equally unsafe working conditions. Working in a factory system differed greatly from working on a farm. In rural villages, people worked long hours for low wages, but their work varied according to the season. Life was also hard for poor rural workers who were part of the putting-out system. If they worked too slowly, they did not earn enough, but at least they worked at their own pace. In the factories of industrial towns, workers faced a rigid schedule set by the factory whistle. Working hours in early factories were long, with shifts lasting from 12 to 6 hours, six or seven days a week. A factory whistle announced time to eat a hasty meal, then quickly sent them back to the machines. Exhausted workers suffered accidents from machines that lad no safety devices. They might lose a finger, a limb, or even their lives. In textile mills, workers constantly breathed air filled with lint, which damaged their lungs. Those workers who became sick or injured lost their jobs. At first, women made up much of the new industrial work force. Employers often preferred to hire women workers. They thought women could adapt more easily to machines and were easier to manage than men. More important, they were able to pay women less than men, even for the same work. Factory work created a double burden for women. Their new jobs took them out of their homes for 12 hours or more a day. They then returned to their tenements, which might consist of one damp room with a single bed. They had to feed and clothe their families, clean,and cope with such problems as sickness and injury.

Which group of people did employers often prefer to hire in the early factories?

• Men

• Elderly

• Children

• Women

'Young Italy' was founded by who ?

• Giuseppe Mazzini
• Leonardo da Vinci
• Benito Mussolini
• Giuseppe Garibaldi