Medical Conditions and Immune Responses Quiz

What is the main cause of Rickets and osteomalacia?

• Vitamin D deficiency

• Iron deficiency

• Calcium deficiency

• Vitamin C deficiency

Answer explanation

The main cause of Rickets and osteomalacia is Vitamin D deficiency.

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by wheal and flare reaction?

• Type I

• Type II

• Type III

• Type IV

Answer explanation

Type I hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by wheal and flare reaction, making it the correct choice.

What is the main characteristic of Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

• Antibody mediated cell lysis

• Inflammatory response activation

• Immune complex deposition

• Delayed cell mediated response

Answer explanation

The main characteristic of Type IV hypersensitivity reaction is a delayed cell mediated response, which involves T cells rather than antibodies.

What is the primary mode of spread for sarcomas?

• Perineural spread

• Transcoelomic spread

• Haematogenous spread

• Lymphatic spread

Answer explanation

The primary mode of spread for sarcomas is through haematogenous spread, where cancer cells travel through the bloodstream to distant sites in the body.

Which disease is characterized by softening of bones and abnormal bone growth due to lack of vitamin D?

• Osteoarthritis

• Rickets

• Scurvy

• Osteoporosis

Answer explanation

Rickets is characterized by softening of bones and abnormal bone growth due to lack of vitamin D.

What is the main feature of Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

• Delayed response

• Cell lysis

• Immune complex deposition

• Inflammatory cell activation

Answer explanation

The main feature of Type II hypersensitivity reaction is cell lysis, where antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of cells, leading to their destruction.

Which immune response is the first line of defense against pathogens?

• Innate immunity

• Adaptive immunity

• Cell-mediated immunity

• Humoral immunity

Answer explanation

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens, providing immediate, non-specific protection before the adaptive immune response kicks in.

What is the primary characteristic of Type III hypersensitivity reaction?

• Inflammatory response activation

• Antibody mediated cell lysis

• Delayed cell mediated response

• Immune complex deposition

Answer explanation

The primary characteristic of Type III hypersensitivity reaction is immune complex deposition.

Which type of immunity is specific and adaptive?

• Humoral immunity

• Adaptive immunity

• Innate immunity

• Cell-mediated immunity

Answer explanation

Adaptive immunity is specific and adaptive because it targets specific pathogens and develops memory for future encounters.

What is the main feature of Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

• Wheal and flare reaction

• Delayed response

• Cell lysis

• Immune complex deposition

Answer explanation

The main feature of Type I hypersensitivity reaction is the wheal and flare reaction, characterized by localized redness and swelling at the site of allergen exposure.