I/O in Operating Systems

What is I/O in the context of operating systems?

• Internal/Output communication

• In/Out data processing

• Input/Offline connection

• Input/Output communication between a computer and external devices.

Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous I/O.

• Synchronous I/O blocks the program, while Asynchronous I/O does not block the program.

• Synchronous I/O is used for network operations, while Asynchronous I/O is used for file operations

• Synchronous I/O allows for parallel processing, while Asynchronous I/O does not

• Synchronous I/O is faster than Asynchronous I/O

What is buffering in I/O operations?

• Buffering in I/O operations involves temporarily storing data in a buffer before it is read or written to the actual input/output device.

• Buffering involves encrypting data before it is read or written to the input/output device

• Buffering is the process of directly reading or writing data to the input/output device without any intermediate storage

• Buffering is a method used to skip error handling in I/O operations

Discuss the concept of polling in I/O operations.

• Polling in I/O operations is a one-time operation that does not require repeated checks

• Polling in I/O operations involves sending data without checking the status of the resource

• Polling in I/O operations is only used for output operations, not input operations

• Polling in I/O operations involves repeatedly checking the status of a resource to determine when it is ready for data transfer.

What are the advantages of using DMA (Direct Memory Access) in I/O operations?

• Increased system performance by reducing CPU involvement in data transfer operations.

• Decreased system performance by increasing CPU involvement in data transfer operations.

• No impact on system performance as compared to CPU-managed data transfer operations.

• Higher risk of data corruption due to lack of CPU supervision in data transfer operations.

Explain the role of device drivers in I/O management.

• Device drivers are only needed for software applications, not I/O management.

• Device drivers are only used for network communication, not I/O management.

• Device drivers play a crucial role in I/O management by enabling communication between the operating system and hardware devices.

• Device drivers are responsible for managing the CPU, not I/O operations.

What is interrupt-driven I/O and how does it work?

• Interrupt-driven I/O relies on devices directly accessing memory without CPU involvement.

• Interrupt-driven I/O requires the CPU to constantly check all devices for data transfer readiness.

• Interrupt-driven I/O involves devices waiting for the CPU to poll them for data transfer requests.

• Interrupt-driven I/O works by having devices send signals to the CPU to request attention when they are ready to send or receive data. The CPU then pauses its current task, services the device, and resumes the task once the I/O operation is complete.

Discuss the concept of programmed I/O.

• Programmed I/O is a feature only available in modern computers

• Programmed I/O is a type of automatic data transfer

• Programmed I/O involves the I/O devices controlling data transfer

• Programmed I/O involves the CPU directly controlling data transfer between I/O devices and memory.

What is memory-mapped I/O and how is it different from I/O-mapped I/O?

• Memory-mapped I/O is only used in older computer systems, while I/O-mapped I/O is used in modern systems.

• Memory-mapped I/O uses the same address space for memory and I/O devices, while I/O-mapped I/O uses separate address spaces.

• Memory-mapped I/O is slower than I/O-mapped I/O.

• Memory-mapped I/O uses separate address spaces for memory and I/O devices, while I/O-mapped I/O uses the same address space.

What is the graph used for deadlock identification

• resource allocation graph

• process allocation graph

• thread allocation graph

• instance allocation graph