Cell Differentiation and Specialization

Tim is researching the regenerative property of stem cells as a possible method to treat neurological diseases. His research requires him to grow new nerve cells. Which statement best explains why Tim is using stem cells for this purpose?

• Specific genes in a nerve cell’s DNA can be activated to produce new stem cells.

• Specific genes in a stem cell’s DNA can be activated to produce new nerve cells.

• All genes in a nerve cell’s DNA are activated, so new stem cells are produced each time the cell divides.

• All genes in a stem cell’s DNA are activated, so new nerve cells are produced each time the cell divides.

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Which characteristic of stem cells makes them suitable for treating damaged tissues?

• They can only divide a limited number of times.

• They can differentiate into various cell types.

• They are already specialized cells.

• They cannot divide or differentiate.

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What is the primary reason for using stem cells in regenerative medicine?

• They are resistant to diseases.

• They can transform into any cell type needed for repair.

• They are easier to obtain than other cells.

• They do not require any special conditions to grow.

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How do stem cells differ from other types of cells in the body?

• They have a unique ability to self-renew and differentiate.

• They are more prone to mutations.

• They are already specialized for specific functions.

• They cannot divide or replicate.

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Stem cells are

• cells that grow uncontrollably.
• undifferentiated and can develop into many types of cells.
• cells that never go through cell division.
• only found in embryos.

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Cells with no genes turned on are considered stem cells

• True

• False

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Cells differentiate to perform different functions because

• all genes are turned on inside that cell

• all genes are turned off inside that cell

• different genes are turned on inside that cell

• different genes are turned on or off inside that cell

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In what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?

• The DNA is the same but each cell contains different genes
• The DNA is the same but different genes are turned on in each cell
• Each cell has its own unique DNA
• The DNA is different, but each cell contains the same genes

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During development, cells differentiate because...

• Genes are activated

• DNA is mutated

• Chromosomes are translocated

• Genes are duplicated

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Which cell is specialized by having lots of mitochondria for energy and protein fibers for movement?

• skin cell

• nerve cell

• blood cell

• muscle cell

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