Saavedra and Silverman REVISION

A phobia is a fear that is

• about something life threatening.

• easy to overcome.

• out of proportion to the danger

• only mildly upsetting.

The sample in this study is

• 47 young adults with a phobia of buttons

• A 9 year old Hispanic boy

• A 12 year old white girl with fear of buttons

• 72 children aged 9-12

What research method is used in this study?

• Lab experiment

• Independent measures

• Case Study

• Field Experiment

• Naturalistic Observation

Which of these was an aim of Saavedra and Silverman?

• To traumatize a child by showing him buttons.

• To investigate the effects of a button phobia in a child.

• To investigate the causes of a button phobia in a child.

• To attempt to treat a child's phobia of buttons by modelling.

Which did not happen in the Positive Reinforcement Therapy / Behavioural exposure stage of treatment

• Treatment sessions lasted for 30 mins with the boy

• A hierarchy of fear was followed during exposure

• Subjective ratings were noted about the buttons he feared

• He imagined buttons falling on him

The following finding is incorrect

• His ratings of distress were decreasing, not increasing during in-vivo exposures to buttons

• Subjective ratings of distress increased dramatically from session 2 to session 3 and continued to rise from session 3 to session 4

• There was success observed in the number of buttons the boy manipulated

• At the post-treatment assessment the boy no longer met DSM-IV criteria for specific phobia of buttons.

Which of the following is not a weakness of the study

• Low population validity

• Low ecological validity

• Low generalisability

• Low applicability

The sampling method in the Saavedra and Silverman study was

• opportunity sampling

• random sampling

• volunteer sampling

• free sampling

When did the button phobia for the participant begin?

• When a teacher scolded him for taking too many buttons

• When other students at made fun of the buttons on his coat

• In school, buttons from a bowl fell on him causing distress

• When he accidentally swallowed a button at a young age

The therapy that the participant was to receive involved...

• gradual increased behavioral exposure to buttons only

• both behavioral exposure to buttons and imagery/cognitions

• looking into the boy's disgust imagery and cognitions only

• all of the above are incorrect