RD Comphs

Which of the following best defines ontology, axiology (to include ethics and aesthetics), metaphysics, and epistemology as they relate to the philosophy of science?

• Ontology is the study of being, axiology is the study of values, metaphysics is the study of reality, and epistemology is the study of knowledge.

• Ontology is the study of knowledge, axiology is the study of reality, metaphysics is the study of values, and epistemology is the study of being.

• Ontology is the study of values, axiology is the study of knowledge, metaphysics is the study of being, and epistemology is the study of reality.

• Ontology is the study of reality, axiology is the study of being, metaphysics is the study of knowledge, and epistemology is the study of values.

Which of the following is a source of knowledge from a research perspective?

• Authority

• Deduction

• Induction

• Intuition

Which of the following best defines/describe the following: - Research - Research methods - Empirical research

• Research is a systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

• Research methods are the techniques and procedures used to conduct research.

• Empirical research is research based on observed and measured phenomena and derives knowledge from actual experience rather than from theory or belief.

• All of the above

Provide examples of inductive and deductive reasoning.

• Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations, while deductive reasoning involves drawing specific conclusions from general principles.

• Inductive reasoning involves drawing specific conclusions from general principles, while deductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations.

• Inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning are the same and can be used interchangeably.

• Inductive reasoning involves making specific observations without any generalizations, while deductive reasoning involves making generalizations without specific observations.

Which of the following is the ultimate goal of science?

• Explanation

• Prediction

• Control

• Understanding the natural world

The purpose of a theory is to:

• Explain phenomena

• Predict phenomena

• Control phenomena

• All of the above

Develop appropriate research questions, hypotheses, and specific aims for relevant research studies.

• Develop research questions

• Formulate hypotheses

• Define specific aims

• All of the above

Identify the information found in each of the following sections of a research proposal or protocol:

• a. title; principal investigators; coinvestigators.

• b. abstract; methodology; results.

• c. introduction; literature review; conclusion.

• d. references; appendices; acknowledgments.

Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics of a good research question: FINER?

• Feasible

• Interesting

• Novel

• Ethical

• Repetitive

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in developing and finalizing the research problem, purposes and research question(s)?

• 1.) identify the problem or research area of interest; 2.) review the literature; 3.) determine the purpose, research questions and/or hypotheses and research aims; 4.) design the method; 5.) plan the sample size; 6.) determine the statistics to be used.

• 1.) review the literature; 2.) identify the problem or research area of interest; 3.) determine the purpose, research questions and/or hypotheses and research aims; 4.) design the method; 5.) plan the sample size; 6.) determine the statistics to be used.

• 1.) determine the purpose, research questions and/or hypotheses and research aims; 2.) identify the problem or research area of interest; 3.) review the literature; 4.) design the method; 5.) plan the sample size; 6.) determine the statistics to be used.

• 1.) design the method; 2.) identify the problem or research area of interest; 3.) review the literature; 4.) determine the purpose, research questions and/or hypotheses and research aims; 5.) plan the sample size; 6.) determine the statistics to be used.