AP Psych Unit 4

Being able to perform a complex action after watching another person perform it is an example of which of the following types of learning?

• Latent

• Insight

• Classical conditioning

• Operant conditioning

• Social

Four-year-old Moesha screams and cries because she wants a candy bar. When her father, Bill, finally gives in and buys her the candy, she stops screaming. Bill tells the grocery clerk it will always be worth paying for candy to get Moesha to stop screaming. Bill’s act of buying the candy is

• met with an aversive consequence

• positively reinforced

• negatively reinforced

• an example of sublimation

• subject to classical conditioning

Andi’s best friend always screamed when she was in high places, and now Andi also screams when she is in high places. Which of the following theorists would say that Andi screams because she saw her friend scream?

• Carl Rogers

• Albert Bandura

• Charles Spearman

• William James

• Sigmund Freud

It is easier to condition individuals to be afraid of snakes than of electrical outlets because of a phenomenon called

• observational learning

• shaping

• extinction

• delayed reinforcement

• biological preparedness

Andrene is having difficulties with her roommate. A problem-focused coping strategy for Andrene would be

• waiting until her lease runs out to move in order to save money, even though she wants to move right away

• feeling like she is powerless in the situation because she grew up with a sister that was mean to her

• learning to meditate so she can relax when her roommate is annoying her

• going directly to her roommate to see if they can work things out

• thinking she has to rely on luck to work things out with her roommate

Which of the following is a response acquired through classical conditioning?

• A man pulls his hand away from a hot burner on the stove.

• A child cleans his room more often when he is rewarded for doing so.

• A woman’s stomach growls when she looks at the clock and sees it is almost lunchtime.

• A driver stops speeding after receiving a ticket.

• A dog salivates at the taste of food.

Diego’s new puppy Agatha has developed the annoying habit of begging for food when people are eating. Using operant conditioning, which of the following would be the most effective technique for Diego to use to get Agatha to stop begging for food?

• Diego should consistently ignore Agatha when she begs.

• Diego should only feed Agatha on rare occasions when she begs.

• Diego should never feed Agatha when she begs, but instead should pet her.

• Diego should provide a distinctive signal, such as ringing a bell, whenever dinner is ready to be put on the table.

• Diego should feed Agatha a large, filling meal when she first starts begging.

Jasmine is worried about an upcoming exam. Which scenario best illustrates emotion-focused coping?

• Jasmine sets aside an hour each night to study for her exam and goes to the instructor’s extra study session.

• Jasmine notices that the best student in the class makes flash cards to study, so she makes flash cards.

• Jasmine reaches out to her friends for comfort to reduce her stress.

• Jasmine decides it is pointless studying, because she thinks her teacher is unfair.

• Jasmine decides to put off going to a party until she studies for two hours.

Ahmet is allergic to dogs. While in the toy store he sees a stuffed toy dog and has an allergic reaction. Ahmet’s reaction to the toy best demonstrates the process of

• spontaneous recovery

• latent learning

• secondary reinforcement

• generalization

In classical conditioning, repeated presentations of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus lead to

• backward conditioning

• extinction

• discrimination

• stimulus generalization

• acquisition