Petroleum System Basics

What is the unifying concept that encompasses all elements and processes of petroleum geology?

Answer explanation

The unifying concept that encompasses all elements and processes of petroleum geology is the study of the origin, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbons in the Earth's crust.

What are the essential elements of a petroleum system?

Answer explanation

The essential elements of a petroleum system include a source rock, reservoir rock, seal rock, and a trap that allows for the accumulation and preservation of hydrocarbons.

What are the necessary elements of a working petroleum system?

Answer explanation

The necessary elements of a working petroleum system include a source rock, reservoir rock, seal rock, and trap rock. These components are essential for the generation, migration, accumulation, and preservation of hydrocarbons.

What is the primary function of source rocks in petroleum geology?

Answer explanation

The primary function of source rocks in petroleum geology is to generate, store, and release hydrocarbons, which are essential for the formation of oil and gas reservoirs.

What are the types of kerogen and their characteristics?

Answer explanation

The types of kerogen are Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV. Type I is rich in hydrogen, Type II is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon, Type III is rich in carbon, and Type IV is almost pure carbon.

What is the process by which oil and gas are formed in fine-grained rocks?

Answer explanation

Oil and gas are formed in fine-grained rocks through the process of organic matter burial, heat, and pressure over millions of years, leading to their transformation into hydrocarbons.

What is the geothermal gradient range for thermogenic hydrocarbons?

Answer explanation

The geothermal gradient range for thermogenic hydrocarbons is typically between 25 to 50 degrees Celsius per kilometer.

What is migration in the context of oil and gas exploration?

Answer explanation

Migration in the context of oil and gas exploration refers to the movement of hydrocarbons from the source rock to a reservoir rock where they can accumulate and be extracted.

What is the primary function of traps in the petroleum system?

Answer explanation

The primary function of traps in the petroleum system is to create a barrier that prevents the upward migration of hydrocarbons, allowing them to accumulate and form reservoirs.

What are the examples of seal/cap rocks in the petroleum system?

Answer explanation

Examples of seal/cap rocks in the petroleum system include shale, salt, and anhydrite. These rocks prevent the upward migration of hydrocarbons, trapping them in reservoirs.