Participles Revision

Identify the present participle in the following sentence: She is swimming in the pool.

• swam

• swims

• swimming

• swim

Answer explanation

Definition: The present participle is a verb form ending in -ing that is used to indicate an ongoing action or to form continuous tenses.

Usage:

1. Continuous Tenses:

   • Example: "She is reading a book." (Here, "reading" is the present participle used in the present continuous tense.)

2. Adjectival Function:

   • Example: "The running water is cold." (Here, "running" describes the water.)

3. Part of a Gerund Phrase:

   • Example: "Swimming in the pool is fun." (Here, "Swimming" acts as a noun.)

Identify the past participle in the following sentence: The cake was baked by my mom.

• cooked

• sliced

• eaten

• baked

Answer explanation

Definition: The past participle is a verb form used to indicate completed actions or to form perfect tenses. It often ends in -ed for regular verbs and varies for irregular verbs.

Usage:

1. Perfect Tenses:

   • Example: "She has finished her homework." (Here, "finished" is the past participle used in the present perfect tense.)

2. Passive Voice:

   • Example: "The book was written by the author." (Here, "written" is the past participle used in the passive voice.)

3. Adjectival Function:

   • Example: "The broken vase was on the floor." (Here, "broken" describes the vase.)

Use a present participle in a sentence.

• I am studying for the exam.

• He is eating in the kitchen.

• She is running in the park.

• They are playing outside.

Use a past participle in a sentence.

• The house was painted by the artist.

• The car was driven by my friend.

• The book was read by the teacher.

• The cake was baked by my mom.

Differentiate between present and past participles.

• Present participles end in -ed, while past participles end in -ing.

• Present participles end in -en, while past participles end in -ed.

• Present participles end in -ing, while past participles end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n.

• Present participles end in -ing, while past participles end in -s.

Answer explanation

• Present Participle: The form of a verb ending in -ing (e.g., running, eating). It can act as an adjective, a verb in continuous tenses, or a noun (gerund).

• Past Participle: The form of a verb usually ending in -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n (e.g., worked, broken, bought). It is used to form perfect tenses, passive voice, and can also function as an adjective.
  
  Time Reference:

  • Present Participle: Generally refers to ongoing or unfinished actions.

  • Past Participle: Generally refers to completed actions or states.

Conjugate (спрягать) the verb 'to eat' in the present participle form.

• eating

• eaten

• eatting

• ate

Conjugate the verb 'to write' in the past participle form.

• writen

• wrotten

• writed

• written

Identify the participial phrase in the sentence: Running quickly, she reached the finish line.

• Quickly running

• Running quickly

• She reached

• Finish line

Correctly (спрягать) conjugate the verb 'to sing' in the present participle form.

• singing

• sung

• singed

• singin

Recognize the participial phrase in the sentence: Excited about the trip, they packed their bags.

• Excited to go

• Excited about the trip

• Packed their bags

• Quickly and efficiently