medicine SDL - bee sting, snake bite mng

Which of the following snakes are poisonous?

• Krait

• Cobra

• Hydrophinae

• All of the above

Answer explanation

True of poisonous snakes are all, except:

• Fangs present

• Belly scales are small

• small head scales

• Grooved teeth

Answer explanation

Following is/are recommended primary management of a patient with snake bite, except:

• Splinting and immobilization
  

• Keep the site of bite below heart

• Wash with soap and water

• Reassure the patient
  

Polyvalent snake vaccines contains immunoglobins against all, except:

• Ophiophagus Hannah [ king cobra ]

• Naja naja [ indian cobra ]

• Daboia rusellii [ Russell's viper ]

• Bungarus caeruleus [ common krait ]

Answer explanation

Fun fact: Worldwide, there is only one monospecific antivenom produced and indicated for the treatment of king cobra envenomation, i.e. the Thai Ophiophagus hannah monovalent antivenom, OHMAV, which is raised using king cobra venom (KCV) of Thai origin.

Most characteristic feature of elapidae snake envenomation is:

• Bleeding manifestation
  

• Neuro-paralytic symptoms

• Rhabdomyolysis
  

• Cardiotoxicity

Answer explanation

elapidae family consists of poisonous snakes with neurotoxic venom, ex. the King Cobra 🐍

A patient presents with a large local reaction (LLR) following a bee sting. What is the most appropriate initial management?

• Administer intramuscular epinephrine

• Prescribe systemic corticosteroids immediately

• Apply cold compresses and elevate the affected limb

• Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics

Answer explanation

large local reactions involve exaggerated redness and swelling at the site of the sting that gradually enlarges over 1-2 days. Initial management includes symptomatic relief such as cold compresses and elevation of the affected limb to reduce swelling. NSAIDs can be used if necessary for pain management.

What are the most common respiratory symptoms associated with systemic allergic reactions to bee stings?

• Wheezing and shortness of breath due to bronchoconstriction

• chronic cough and sputum production

• Acute sinusitis and nasal congestion

• Stridor and hoarseness

Answer explanation

respiratory symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath, resulting from bronchoconstriction, are common in systemic allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) to bee stings. These symptoms are critical markers of a severe allergic response and require immediate intervention

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for the delayed-onset itch following a bee sting, which is not responsive to antihistamines?

• Type I hypersensitivity

• Type II hypersensitivity

• Type III hypersensitivity

• Type IV hypersensitivity

Answer explanation

Delayed-onset itch after a bee sting is typically caused by T cell activation, which is characteristic of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction. This type of reaction is not responsive to antihistamines, which are more effective in managing immediate Type I HSRs

Which of the following is the most critical step in the acute management of venom-induced anaphylaxis?

• Administer oral antihistamines like cetirizine

• Apply topical corticosteroids

• Administer IM epinephrine

• Provide IV fluids for hydration

Answer explanation

the acute management of venom-induced anaphylaxis is similar to anaphylaxis from other causes, with IM epinephrine being the most critical intervention. Epinephrine is essential to counteract life-threatening symptoms such as airway obstruction, bronchoconstriction, and circulatory collapse