Early Approaches in Psychology Quiz

How did Wilhelm Wundt's approach to psychology differ from previous studies of the mind?

• He focused on philosophical reasoning
• He used introspection as a scientific method
• He studied only observable behaviors
• He emphasized unconscious processes

What was the main focus of structuralism in psychology?

• The function of mental processes
• The contents of mental processes
• Observable behaviors
• Unconscious drives

How did William James' functionalism differ from Wundt's approach?

• It focused on unconscious processes
• It studied only observable behaviors
• It examined how mental activities helped organisms adapt
• It relied solely on introspection

What was Sigmund Freud's major contribution to psychology?

• Behaviorism
• Structuralism
• Functionalism
• Psychoanalytic theory

What was the main principle of Gestalt psychology?

• Breaking experiences into individual components
• Studying only observable behaviors
• Focusing on unconscious drives
• Perceiving experiences as organized wholes

What type of learning did Ivan Pavlov study?

• Operant conditioning
• Cognitive learning
• Classical conditioning
• Observational learning

What was the primary focus of John B. Watson's behaviorism?

• Unconscious processes
• Inner experiences
• Observable and measurable behaviors
• Cognitive functions

What did B.F. Skinner emphasize in his research?

• The role of the unconscious
• The importance of early childhood experiences
• How behavior is affected by its consequences
• The structure of the mind

What was a key principle of humanistic psychology?

• The importance of unconscious drives
• The potential for good innate to all humans
• The focus on observable behaviors
• The breaking down of experiences into parts

What is the main idea behind Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

• All human behavior is determined by unconscious drives
• Behavior is solely a product of environmental conditioning
• Basic needs must be met before higher-level needs become motivating
• Human potential is limited by early childhood experiences