ICPM 3 - Chapter 2

__________ is a person’s belief about his or her ability to perform a behavior successfully.

• Self-enhancement

• Self-efficacy

• Self-actualization

• Self-awareness

• Self-respect

__________ is central to management because it explains what drives or will drive people to achieve organizational goals.

• Determinism

• Motivation

• Ethnocentrism

• Structuralism

• Engagement

Which of the following types of justice is defined as a person’s perception of the fairness of the distribution of outcomes in an organization?

• Interpersonal justice

• Procedural justice

• Informational justice

• Intrinsic justice

• Distributive justice

Which of the following forms the pinnacle (top) of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

• Safety needs

• Belongingness needs

• Physiological needs

• Social needs

• Self-actualization needs

According to McClelland’s learned needs theory, the need for affiliation is the extent to which an individual:

• Desires to perform challenging tasks well.

• Wants to meet personal standards for excellence.

• Is concerned about maintaining good interpersonal relations.

• Desires to control other people.

• Wishes to receive performance feedback.

________ collapsed the five categories of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy into three universal categories: existence, relatedness, and growth.

• David McClelland’s three-needs theory

• Clayton Alderfer’s ERG theory

• Herzberg’s hygiene-motivator theory

• B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning

• Victor H. Vroom’s expectancy theory

According to McClelland’s learned needs theory, the need for ________ is the extent to which an individual has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence.

• Affiliation

• Belongingness

• Achievement

• Self-awareness

• Relatedness

According to Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory, which of the following outcomes helps to satisfy motivator needs?

• Job security

• Good relationships with coworkers

• Good pay

• Effective supervision

• A sense of accomplishment

According to the expectancy theory, motivation is high when people:

• Believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and,

  ultimately, to the attainment of the desired goals.

• Perceive that they can satisfy their need for affiliation and need for

  achievement with minimum effort.

• Perceive that their own outcome-input ratio is less than that of referents.

• Are set specific and challenging goals which help them focus their inputs

  in the right direction.

• Learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and learn

  not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences.

According to Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory, ________ needs are related to the physical and psychological content in which the work is performed.

• Motivator

• Expectancy

• Instrumental

• Hygiene

• Terminal