ESS 2-1 Review

How do metamorphic and igneous rock, exposed in mountains, become sedimentary rock over time?

• Water erodes landforms and deposits tiny pieces of rock in oceans.

• Volcanoes erupt magma that cools while flowing downward.

• Buried rocks melt and are erupted by distant volcanoes as lava.

• One tectonic plate is forced below another plate, forming new rock.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?

• • Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.

• Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.

• Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.

• Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.

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The picture shows how air in a room is warmed by a heater. How does this system compare to the way heat from the core of Earth reaches the surface?

• The heater uses convection currents to transfer heat, and Earth’s interior uses radiation.

• The heater uses radiation to transfer heat, and Earth’s interior uses conduction.

• Both systems use convection currents to transfer heat.

• Both systems use conduction to transfer heat.

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The table describes how four different rocks form. Which of these rocks is an igneous rock?

• basalt

• limestone

• marble

• sandstone

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A diagram of sedimentary rock is shown below. Assuming the layers have not been disturbed, which layer would contain the most crystallized minerals?

• W

• X

• Y

• Z

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Florida has a large supply of phosphate that ancient seas deposited millions of years ago. The phosphate contains the remains of animals that were deposited in layers on the sea floor. Which type of rock did the phosphate become?

• intrusive igneous

• extrusive igneous

• clastic sedimentary

• organic sedimentary

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

The rock cycle shows how different types of rocks are linked together in a continuous cycle of change. Which shows a relationship that most likely occurs within the rock cycle?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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One process in the formation of sedimentary rocks is when rocks are ______.

• compressed by moving plates.

• heated and subjected to high pressure.

• broken up and deposited in layers.

• moved up along fault planes.

A road cut shows a layer of shale on top of a layer of limestone. This indicates _______.

• the shale layer is older than the limestone layer.

• a fault occurred during the deposition of the layers.

• the environment changed between the times of deposition.

• volcanic activity occurred when these layers were deposited.

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Which process is included in the formation of both metamorphic and sedimentary rock?

• heating

• recrystallization

• compaction

• weathering