To completely eliminate human errors is not possible. Error Management is the term used for the endeavours to reduce human error and its impact. Which of the following are known error-management strategies?

• Error analysis, error classification, error identification, error intolerance, and human error training.
• Skill-based error prevention, rule-based error prevention, knowledge-based error prevention, and error education.
• Error prevention, error reduction, error detection, error recovery, and error tolerance.
• Error identification, error analysis, error recovery, error tolerance, and error management training.

Error tolerance, which is an error management strategy, aims at making..

• it easy to rapidly recover the system to its safe state after an error has been committed.
• the system better able to sustain itself despite error, e.g. by minimising the consequences of errors.
• the system such that it minimises both the likelihood and the magnitude of the error.
• errors apparent as fast and as clearly as possible, thereby enabling recovery.

The confirmation bias of decision making is

• a tendency not to seek for information which confirms a judgement
• a tendency to ignore that information which indicates that a hypothesis or decision is poor
• a tendency not to look for information which would reassure oneself about a decision
• a tendency to agree with the decision made by the group

The commander believes that the copilot has done the radio call. However, he did not ask him. The radio call has not been done for five minutes. From the following options which one is the best to describe the commander's state?

• False mental model.
• Slip.
• Confirmation bias.
• Violation.

An aircraft departs for a VFR flight. The route involves a descent into mountainous terrain. En-route an instrument fails, which makes it more difficult to fly without visual reference, and the weather deteriorates to IMC. The pilot continues to attempt to fly under VFR but crashes into the mountains. What type of error best characterizes

• Isolated error.
• Lapse.
• Design-induced error.
• Error chain.

Which type of human error may be triggered if a pilot becomes distracted and does not complete a task or omits a step whilst performing it?

• Lapse
• Violation
• Slip
• Mistake

Which steps within the Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) process relate to the "DECIDE" model?

• Detect, Evaluate, Choose, Implement, Decide, Enable
• Decide, Estimate, Clarify, Identify, Decide, Enable
• Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate
• Detect, Enable, Clarify, Implement, Do, Evaluate

You have started the before take -off checklist, when there is an extended interruption by ATC due to another aircraft mixing up their call sign with yours. Just before take-off, you realise that you forgot to select the fuel pump ON because you failed to complete the before take-off checklist. how can the sequence of events be described

• A risk-based chain of events.
• A risk-mitigation process.
• A decision-making chain.
• An error chain.

Which of the following items are factors that contribute to human error? 1. Personality. 2. Motivation and attitudes. 3. Emotional state. 4. Standard operating procedures.

• 2 and 3 only
• 1, 2, and 4
• 1, 2, and 3
• 1 and 2 only

According to James Reason, what are the different categories of error?

• Defects, deficiencies, ambiguities, and anomalies.
• Failures, omissions, deficiencies, and flaws.
• Slips, lapses, mistakes, and violations.
• Faults, defects, weaknesses, and oversights.