According to James Reason, what are the different categories of error?

Slips, lapses, mistakes, and violations.

Defects, deficiencies, ambiguities, and anomalies.

Failures, omissions, deficiencies, and flaws.

Faults, defects, weaknesses, and oversights.

Internal factors that can cause error generation include…

overconfidence, insufficient care, and improper technique.

economics, ergonomics, and insufficient care.

ergonomics, overconfidence, and an inappropriate cognitive style.

improper technique, social environment, and an inappropriate cognitive style.

One of the major goals in the design of human centred man-machine interfaces is to make it

simple and also at the same time make it difficult for a human or automation to make an error.

durable and capable of eliminating automation errors during demanding phases of flight.

complicated and able to reduce errors to a minimum acceptable level.

standard across all aircraft to ensure that when pilots change to a different type, they are still familiar with cockpit displays.

What is correct regarding active errors? An active error is:

Committed by the operator (e.g. pilot, air traffic controller) and has an immediate effect.

Produced either by a front-line operator (e.g. pilot) or by a remote operator (e.g. maintenance engineer) and the effects are hidden or have a delayed impact.

NOT common at the human-system interface and difficult to detect as it usually occurs in a complex system of uncontrolled and involuntary deviations.

The consequence of the application of a bad rule or poor application of a good rule by aircraft designers and/or manufacturers.

Which of the following statements fits best the concept of latent error?

Latent errors are hard to identify because they can lie dormant for a long period of time before consequences of the errors are felt.

Latent errors are rarely made by front-line operators, and are consequently readily identified and detected by the monitoring, detection and warning links.

Latent errors are detected rapidly.

Latent errors are mainly associated with the behaviour of front-line operators and are only detected after advanced problem-solving.

The three main sources of external error generation in the cockpit are..

ergonomics, economics, and the social environment.

an inappropriate cognitive style, economics, and alack of motivation.

improper technique, impulsiveness, and the physical environment.

ergonomics, over-confidence, and the social environment.

What is an example of an external error caused due to economical reasons?

Pilots accepting a shorter ATC clearance. Upon arrival, they realise that they are coming in too high and unstable on the approach.

Distractions from the cabin crew which lead to the pilots missing an ATC clearance.

Pilots missing a checklist’s item during pre-flight preparation.

Challenging weather conditions.

Which of the following describes an external error generated in the flight crew compartment due to poor ergonomics?

Incorrect selection of the speed brake instead of flaps due to the proximity and similar design of the levers.

Failure to cross-check a performance calculation of another crew member after an unexpected operational change prior to departure.

Unnecessary distractions caused by conversation regarding company politics, leading to a missed air traffic control instruction.

Accepting a shorter routing from ATC which, while saving fuel, causes the aircraft to be too high, leading to an unstable approach.

hpl11

Authored by Enrique De la h

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Professional Development

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19 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

To completely eliminate human errors is not possible. Error Management is the term used for the endeavours to reduce human error and its impact. Which of the following are known error-management strategies?

Error analysis, error classification, error identification, error intolerance, and human error training.

Skill-based error prevention, rule-based error prevention, knowledge-based error prevention, and error education.

Error prevention, error reduction, error detection, error recovery, and error tolerance.

Error identification, error analysis, error recovery, error tolerance, and error management training.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Error tolerance, which is an error management strategy, aims at making..

it easy to rapidly recover the system to its safe state after an error has been committed.

the system better able to sustain itself despite error, e.g. by minimising the consequences of errors.

the system such that it minimises both the likelihood and the magnitude of the error.

errors apparent as fast and as clearly as possible, thereby enabling recovery.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The confirmation bias of decision making is

a tendency not to seek for information which confirms a judgement

a tendency to ignore that information which indicates that a hypothesis or decision is poor

a tendency not to look for information which would reassure oneself about a decision

a tendency to agree with the decision made by the group

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The commander believes that the copilot has done the radio call. However, he did not ask him. The radio call has not been done for five minutes. From the following options which one is the best to describe the commander's state?

False mental model.

Slip.

Confirmation bias.

Violation.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

An aircraft departs for a VFR flight. The route involves a descent into mountainous terrain. En-route an instrument fails, which makes it more difficult to fly without visual reference, and the weather deteriorates to IMC. The pilot continues to attempt to fly under VFR but crashes into the mountains. What type of error best characterizes

Isolated error.

Lapse.

Design-induced error.

Error chain.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which type of human error may be triggered if a pilot becomes distracted and does not complete a task or omits a step whilst performing it?

Lapse

Violation

Slip

Mistake

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which steps within the Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) process relate to the "DECIDE" model?

Detect, Evaluate, Choose, Implement, Decide, Enable

Decide, Estimate, Clarify, Identify, Decide, Enable

Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate

Detect, Enable, Clarify, Implement, Do, Evaluate

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hpl11

To completely eliminate human errors is not possible. Error Management is the term used for the endeavours to reduce human error and its impact. Which of the following are known error-management strategies?

Error tolerance, which is an error management strategy, aims at making..

The confirmation bias of decision making is

The commander believes that the copilot has done the radio call. However, he did not ask him. The radio call has not been done for five minutes. From the following options which one is the best to describe the commander's state?

Which type of human error may be triggered if a pilot becomes distracted and does not complete a task or omits a step whilst performing it?

Which steps within the Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) process relate to the "DECIDE" model?

Which of the following items are factors that contribute to human error? 1. Personality. 2. Motivation and attitudes. 3. Emotional state. 4. Standard operating procedures.

According to James Reason, what are the different categories of error?

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