Novel Biopolymer Pectin-Based Hydrogel Electrolytes

What is the main focus of the paper titled 'Novel biopolymer pectin-based hydrogel electrolytes for sustainable energy storage'?

• Development of new battery technologies

• Exploration of pectin-based hydrogel electrolytes

• Study of fossil fuel alternatives

• Analysis of solar energy systems

What is the effect of raising the pH during extraction on pectin yield from tomato pomace and soybean hull?

• Decreases pectin yield by 23%

• Increases pectin yield by 23%

• Increases pectin yield by 50%

• Decreases pectin yield by 50%

Which method was used to measure transference numbers of the pectin-based hydrogels?

• X-ray diffraction

• Wagner’s DC Polarization method

• Scanning electron microscopy

• Thermogravimetric analysis

What is a significant concern with solid electrolytes?

• High cost

• Dendrite growth leading to short-circuit

• High ionic conductivity

• Easy manufacturing

What is one of the most common biopolymers investigated for alternative use?

• Cellulose

• Starch

• Pectin

• Lignin

Which functional groups are part of the pectin structure?

• Hydroxyl

• Carboxyl

• Methoxyl

• All of the above.

What is the reduction of CO2 emissions in the production of specific biopolymers compared to petroleum-based plastics?

• 20%

• 50%

• 80%

• 100%

What is the role of Ca2+ in the pectin matrix?

• Provides color

• Enhances flavor

• Binds to carboxyl groups

• Acts as a preservative

What is the role of K+ in the pectin matrix?

• Provides color

• Enhances flavor

• Competes with H+

• Acts as a preservative

What is the pH range adjusted to for pectin precipitation?

• 1.7 to 3.65

• 4.0 to 5.5

• 6.0 to 7.5

• 8.0 to 9.5