Foundations of Biology: Midterm #1

An atom's electronegativity depends on how many _____ it has and on the distance between the nucleus and the ______

• protons; inner shell electrons

• neutrons; inner shell electrons

• protons; valence electrons

• electrons; valence electrons

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

Single-celled organisms that lack discrete intracellular compartments belong to which groups?

• Fungi and Protists

• Microbial Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

• Fungi and Archaea

• Bacteria and Archaea

• Protists and Bacteria

Some reactions, such as decomposition of nitroglycerin in dynamite, release large amounts of energy in the form of heat. Others, such as those taking place inside cells, release much smaller amounts of heat. Which statement is true about these reactions?

• Though a larger overall change in energy occurs in the nitroglycerin reaction, the total amount of energy present before and after each reaction does not change.

• Cells use up energy, causing an overall decrease in the total amount of energy present before cellular reactions, while nonliving things, such as dynamite, do not.

• The total amount of energy involved in the cellular reactions is conserved, but new energy is created during the explosive reaction involving nitroglycerin.

• Both living cells and nonliving things, such as dynamite, cause an overall loss of energy when they release heat during reactions.

• Only living things conserve energy from their reactions in the form of chemical bond energy, while nonliving things, such as dynamite, lose energy when they react.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

NGSS.HS-PS1-7

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Which compound is held together by ionic bonds?

• Water

• Sugar

• Ammonia

• Methane

• Sodium Chloride

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-3

In the winter, ice insulates organisms in freshwater lakes and ponds because it

• absorbs a lot of heat as it melts

• is less dense than liquid water

• sinks to the bottom of the lake or pond

• does not cause the organisms to freeze

• is composed only of water

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Surface tension and cohesion occur in pure water because water

• is nonpolar

• resists changes in temperature

• contains covalent bonds

• requires high energy input to vaporize

• forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

Which part of the diagram has the largest H^+ change per unit of base added?

• The area between the dotted lines

• The areas between pH 2 and pH 4 and between pH 6 and pH 8

• The area between pH 4 and pH 6

• The area between pH 6 and pH 8

• The area between pH 2 and pH 4

The critical step for the evolution of life was the

• formation of fatty acids

• appearance of nucleic acids that could replicate themselves

• appearance of proteins that could replicate themselves

• formation of simple molecules

• synthesis of proteins

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which of the following base pairs is connected by three hydrogen bonds in a double-stranded DNA molecule?

• Adenine-Thymine

• Adenin-Uracil

• Cytosine-Guanine

• Guanine-Thymine

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. The orientation of the nucleotide determines the directionality of the DNA molecule (5’ and 3’ ends). Which of the following correctly describes the 5’ and 3’ ends of a nucleotide?

• The 5’ end has a nitrogenous base, the 3’ end has a phosphate group

• The 5’ end has a phosphate group, the 3’ end has a nitrogenous base

• The 5’ end has a hydroxyl group, the 3’ end has a phosphate group

• The 5’ end has a phosphate group, the 3’ end has a hydroxyl group

• The 5’ end has nitrogenous base, the 3’ end has a hydroxyl group