Cappadocia's Geological and Historical Wonders

Cappadocia's unique landscape, formed by volcanic activity, features fairy chimneys and underground cities. These cities, dating back to the Byzantine Empire, were built for protection and include complex engineering feats like ventilation shafts and water access. Over time, the Byzantines expanded above ground, creating rock-carved churches with vibrant art. Despite historical changes, these sites are now protected heritage areas, attracting researchers and tourists.

What natural process led to the formation of Cappadocia's fairy chimneys?

• Volcanic eruptions

• Earthquakes

• Glacial movements

• Tsunamis

When did archaeological work on Cappadocia's underground cities begin?

• 1920s

• 1940s

• 1980s

• 1960s

What was the primary reason locals sought refuge in Cappadocia's underground cities during the 7th and 8th centuries?

• Natural disasters

• Arab invasions

• Economic collapse

• Religious persecution

Who were initially thought to have created the underground cities and sanctuaries in Cappadocia?

• Ottoman architects

• Seljuk Turks

• Greek-speaking Orthodox Christian monks

• Roman soldiers

What feature ensured that residents of the underground cities had access to water during sieges?

• Rainwater harvesting

• Water storage tanks

• River diversion

• Deep wells reaching the water table

What architectural style were the above-ground churches in Cappadocia designed in?

• Gothic

• Baroque

• Byzantine

• Renaissance

What significant feature do many of the churches in Cappadocia showcase on the inside?

• Stained glass windows

• Wooden carvings

• Vibrant wall paintings

• Mosaics

When did the Byzantines start vacating Cappadocia?

• 12th century

• 9th century

• 11th century

• 10th century

What modern recognition have Cappadocia's underground cities received?

• Protected wildlife reserve

• World Heritage Site

• National Park

• International heritage sites

Which two underground cities in Cappadocia are the most well-known and visited?

• Ortahisar and Ürgüp

• Uçhisar and Avanos

• Derinkuyu and Kaymakli

• Göreme and Ihlara