1) P-Factor
2) Slipstream
3) Torque Reaction
4) Gyroscopic Procession

• Critical Engine

• 4 Left Turning Tendencies

• Turn and Slip

• Critical AOA

The descending blade takes a larger bite of air than the upward moving blade causing a turn to the left

• Torque Reaction

• Gyroscopic Procession

• Slipstream

• P-factor (precession factor)

The wash back of air from the prop spirals around the plane hitting the vertical stabilizer

• Slipstream

• P-Factor

• Torque Reaction

• Gyroscopic Procession

As the prop moves clockwise, from the pilot seat, the plane rotates in the opposite direction

• P-Factor

• Gyroscopic Procession

• Torque

• Slipstream

As the air hits the top of the prop, due to Newton's law of motion, will be applied at a 90 degrees later, creating a yaw to the left.

• P-Factor

• Gyroscopic Precession

• Slipstream

• Torque Reaction