Topic 2 Physiology changes during aerobic and anaerobic exercise

What is an acute response to exercise?

• Long-term adaptations to exercise

• Immediate changes during a single bout of exercise

• Improved body function at rest

• No changes during exercise

Answer explanation

Acute response refers to immediate changes that occur when performing a single bout of exercise.

Which system controls energy balance during exercise?

• Cardiovascular system

• Neuroendocrine system

• Neuromuscular system

• Respiratory system

Answer explanation

The neuroendocrine system regulates energy balance by managing hormones and metabolism.

What type of muscle fibers are predominantly used in aerobic exercise?

• Fast-twitch

• Slow-twitch

• Both fast and slow-twitch

• Neither

Answer explanation

Slow-twitch muscle fibers are used in prolonged, lower-intensity aerobic exercise.

What is the main fuel used during long-duration aerobic exercise?

• Glucose

• Creatine phosphate

• Free fatty acids

• Lactic acid

Answer explanation

In prolonged aerobic exercise, free fatty acids are the primary fuel source as glucose is used earlier.

What happens to stroke volume during the early stages of exercise?

• It decreases

• It remains constant

• It increases

• It stops

Answer explanation

Stroke volume increases as the intensity of exercise increases due to improved ventricular contractility.

What is the Karvonen method used to calculate?

• Blood pressure

• Maximum heart rate

• Heart rate reserve

• VO2 max

Answer explanation

The Karvonen method calculates heart rate reserve, which is used to determine exercise intensity.

What is VO2 max?

• Maximum amount of blood pumped per minute

• Maximum heart rate

• Maximum amount of oxygen delivered to muscles in a minute

• Maximum stroke volume

Answer explanation

VO2 max is the maximal oxygen uptake, indicating cardiovascular fitness and aerobic endurance.

Which exercise uses the ATP-PC system for energy production?

• Long-distance running

• Weight lifting

• Marathon running

• Swimming

Answer explanation

Weight lifting involves short bursts of high-intensity activity, relying on the ATP-PC system.

What is the primary metabolic response during high-intensity exercise lasting more than 60 seconds?

• Aerobic metabolism

• Oxidative mechanisms

• ATP-PC system

• Glycolysis

Answer explanation

Oxidative mechanisms take over for ATP production during high-intensity exercise longer than 60 seconds.

What physiological factor influences VO2 max the most?

• Ability of muscles to contract

• Ability of the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen

• Strength of the neuromuscular system

• Plasma volume

Answer explanation

VO2 max is primarily influenced by the cardiovascular system's ability to deliver oxygen to muscles.