OS Unit 2

What is the main purpose of process management?

• To focus solely on financial management of the organization.

• To increase the number of processes in an organization.

• To optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational processes.

• To eliminate all processes to simplify operations.

Explain the concept of inter-process communication.

• IPC is a type of network protocol used for internet communication.

• Inter-process communication is a method for storing data in a database.

• Inter-process communication (IPC) is a mechanism that allows processes to communicate and synchronize their actions.

• Inter-process communication refers to the physical connection between hardware components.

What are threads and how do they differ from processes?

• Threads require more resources than processes.

• Threads are lightweight, share memory within a process, while processes are heavier, with separate memory spaces.

• Processes are faster and more efficient than threads.

• Threads are independent and do not share memory.

Describe the critical-section problem in synchronization.

• The critical-section problem only occurs in single-threaded applications.

• The critical-section problem is a method for increasing the speed of process execution.

• The critical-section problem allows multiple processes to access shared resources simultaneously.

• The critical-section problem is a synchronization issue where multiple processes must not access shared resources simultaneously to avoid conflicts and ensure data integrity.

What is a mutex lock and how is it used?

• A mutex lock is a synchronization mechanism that ensures mutual exclusion, allowing only one thread to access a shared resource at a time.

• A mutex lock is a hardware component that manages CPU resources.

• A mutex lock allows multiple threads to access a shared resource simultaneously.

• A mutex lock is a type of database that stores multiple threads.

Define semaphores and their role in process synchronization.

• Semaphores are synchronization tools that manage access to shared resources in concurrent processes.

• Semaphores are programming languages designed for concurrency.

• Semaphores are used to increase the speed of processes.

• Semaphores are hardware components that store data.

What are the basic concepts of process scheduling?

• Memory management techniques

• Network protocols

• The basic concepts of process scheduling include process states, scheduling algorithms, context switching, and CPU scheduling.

• Data encryption methods

List and explain two common scheduling algorithms.

• First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) and Round Robin (RR)

• Multilevel Queue Scheduling (MQS)

• Shortest Job First (SJF)

• Priority Scheduling (PS)