UNIT 1 REVIEW

Define the following term: Enlightenment

• an 18th-century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society

• a 19th-century artistic movement focused on emotion and individualism

• a 20th-century political ideology advocating for totalitarian governance

• a medieval period characterized by feudalism and the dominance of the church

Define the following term: Social Contract

• An agreement among individuals to form a society and abide by its rules

• A legal document outlining the rights and responsibilities of citizens

• A financial contract between two parties

• A philosophical theory about the nature of human existence

Define the following term: Natural Rights

• Rights that are inherent to all humans and not dependent on laws

• Rights granted by the government

• Privileges given to citizens of a specific country

• Benefits provided by social institutions

Define the following term: Divine Right

• The belief that monarchs are appointed by and answerable only to God

• The concept that all humans have equal rights

• The idea that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed

• The principle that laws should be based on religious texts

Define the following term: Glorious Revolution

• A peaceful transfer of power in England in 1688

• The American Revolution against British rule

• The French Revolution leading to the rise of Napoleon

• The Industrial Revolution in the 18th century

Define the following term: Constitutional Monarchy

• A system of government in which a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government

• A form of government where the monarch has absolute power

• A political system where the monarch is only a ceremonial figurehead

• A type of government where the monarch is elected by the people

Define the following term: Declaration of Independence

• A document declaring the American colonies' independence from British rule

• A treaty between the United States and France

• A proclamation of the end of the American Civil War

• A speech given by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War

Define the following term: Checks and Balances

• A system that allows each branch of government to amend or veto acts of another branch

• A method of balancing a checkbook

• A financial term related to balancing accounts

• A strategy for managing personal finances

Define the following term: Bill of Rights

• A list of fundamental rights and freedoms protected by law

• A document outlining the duties of citizens

• A historical record of legislative bills

• A financial statement of government expenses

Define the following term: Estate

• A large area of land owned by a single person or organization

• A type of vehicle

• A type of clothing

• A type of food