Understanding Protein Synthesis

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA -> RNA -> Protein

• Protein -> RNA -> DNA

• RNA -> DNA -> Protein

• DNA -> Protein -> RNA

Describe the role of DNA in protein synthesis.

• DNA is solely responsible for energy production in cells.

• DNA provides the template for mRNA synthesis, which is then translated into proteins.

• DNA acts as a catalyst in the protein synthesis process.

• DNA directly translates into amino acids without mRNA.

What is the function of mRNA in the process of protein synthesis?

• mRNA acts as a template for protein synthesis.

• mRNA provides energy for protein synthesis.

• mRNA is responsible for DNA replication.

• mRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome.

Explain the process of transcription.

• Transcription is the replication of RNA into DNA.

• Transcription involves the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

• Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA.

• Transcription is the process of translating mRNA into DNA.

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

• Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

• Ribosomes transport proteins to different parts of the cell.

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication.

• Ribosomes store genetic information for protein synthesis.

Define translation in the context of protein synthesis.

• Translation is the synthesis of proteins from mRNA by ribosomes.

• Translation is the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

• Translation refers to the folding of proteins after synthesis.

• Translation is the process of DNA replication.

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis?

• Eukaryotic protein synthesis is faster than prokaryotic due to larger ribosomes.

• Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis occur simultaneously in the endoplasmic reticulum.

• Prokaryotic protein synthesis is coupled with transcription and occurs in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic protein synthesis occurs after mRNA processing in the cytoplasm, with distinct ribosome sizes and initiation mechanisms.

• Prokaryotic protein synthesis occurs only in the nucleus, while eukaryotic occurs in the mitochondria.

How do tRNA molecules contribute to protein synthesis?

• tRNA molecules synthesize proteins directly in the nucleus.

• tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome, matching them to the mRNA codons during protein synthesis.

• tRNA molecules act as enzymes to catalyze protein folding.

• tRNA molecules transport genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

What is the significance of codons in mRNA?

• Codons in mRNA are significant because they determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein, which is essential for proper protein function.

• Codons in mRNA are responsible for DNA replication.

• Codons in mRNA are involved in the synthesis of lipids.

• Codons in mRNA serve as a source of energy for the cell.

Describe the post-translational modifications that proteins may undergo.

• Phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation

• Transcription

• Hydrolysis

• Dephosphorylation