Science Quiz 1 (9th)

List the steps of the scientific method in the correct order:

• Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion, Question

• Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Observation, Conclusion

• Question, Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion

• Hypothesis, Question, Experiment, Observation, Conclusion

What is the main difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?

• Inductive starts with a specific observation and moves to a general conclusion; Deductive starts with a general statement and moves to a specific conclusion.

• Inductive is always correct, while deductive is sometimes wrong.

• Deductive involves guessing, while inductive involves testing.

• Inductive relies on established facts, while deductive relies on theories.

A scientist observes that all swans he has seen are white. What type of reasoning is this and what conclusion could be drawn?

• Inductive reasoning; all swans are white.

• Deductive reasoning; some swans are white.

• Deductive reasoning; all swans are black.

• Inductive reasoning; there might be black swans elsewhere.

Identify if the following observation is inductive or deductive reasoning: "All planets in our solar system orbit the sun, so any new planet discovered will also orbit the sun."

• Inductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

• Neither inductive nor deductive

• Both inductive and deductive

Is the following statement an example of inductive or deductive reasoning? "If all mammals have lungs and a dolphin is a mammal, then dolphins have lungs."

• Inductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

• This is neither inductive nor deductive reasoning.

• This is both inductive and deductive reasoning.

Based on the data collected, formulate a conclusion using inductive reasoning: "Over the past week, the temperature has been above 30°C each day."

• The temperature will stay above 30°C every day for the next week.

• The temperature was below 30°C last week.

• The temperature will fluctuate more next week.

• The temperature might stay high, but it could change.

What type of reasoning is used when a doctor makes a diagnosis based on a patient’s symptoms?

• Inductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

• Random guessing

• Hypothesis testing

Identify whether the following situation requires inductive or deductive reasoning: "A teacher notices that every time students study for a test, their grades improve. She concludes that studying improves test scores."

• Inductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

• Neither inductive nor deductive

• Both inductive and deductive

Determine if the following reasoning is valid: "All fish can swim. A shark is a fish. Therefore, sharks can swim."

• This reasoning is valid.

• This reasoning is not valid because sharks are mammals.

• This reasoning is valid, but not all fish can swim.

• This reasoning is invalid because it’s based on incorrect information.

Which of the following is an example where inductive reasoning could lead to a false conclusion?

• Every swan I’ve seen is white, so all swans must be white.

• All birds have wings, so all birds can fly.

• All dogs bark, so all animals that bark must be dogs.

• All of the above.