Exploring Genetic Concepts

What is the basic structure of DNA?

• A triple helix made of proteins.

• A single strand of amino acids.

• The basic structure of DNA is a double helix made of two strands of nucleotides.

• A linear sequence of sugars.

How does DNA replication occur?

• DNA replication occurs through unwinding of the double helix, template strand synthesis, and nucleotide addition by DNA polymerase.

• DNA replication occurs only in the presence of RNA polymerase.

• DNA replication involves the direct synthesis of proteins from DNA.

• DNA replication is a process that only happens in prokaryotic cells.

What role do promoters play in gene expression?

• Promoters enhance protein synthesis directly.

• Promoters initiate transcription and regulate gene expression.

• Promoters are involved in DNA replication.

• Promoters act as barriers to transcription.

Describe the process of transcription in eukaryotic cells.

• Transcription is the process of translating RNA into proteins.

• Transcription involves the replication of DNA into RNA.

• Transcription in eukaryotic cells is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, involving initiation, elongation, termination, and processing of pre-mRNA.

• Transcription in eukaryotic cells occurs only in the cytoplasm.

What are the main techniques used in genetic engineering?

• Biopesticide development

• Recombinant DNA technology, CRISPR-Cas9, gene cloning, transgenic technology

• Gene therapy

• Molecular breeding

Explain the concept of CRISPR and its applications.

• CRISPR is a type of computer software for data analysis.

• CRISPR is a method for improving human intelligence.

• CRISPR is primarily used for creating new species of animals.

• CRISPR is used in various applications including gene therapy, agriculture for crop improvement, development of disease-resistant plants, and research in functional genomics.

How does genetic drift affect population genetics?

• Genetic drift is a deliberate process that selects for specific traits.

• Genetic drift only affects large populations significantly.

• Genetic drift eliminates all genetic variation in a population.

• Genetic drift leads to random changes in allele frequencies, affecting genetic diversity and evolution in populations.

What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

• The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that evolution occurs in all populations.

• The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes the genetic equilibrium in a population under certain conditions.

• The Hardy-Weinberg principle explains how traits are inherited from parents to offspring.

• The Hardy-Weinberg principle is a method for measuring genetic diversity in a single organism.

Define the term 'allele frequency' in a population.

• The total number of alleles in a population.

• The average number of genes in a population.

• The proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies in a population.

• The genetic makeup of an individual organism.

What are the ethical considerations in genetic engineering?

• Genetic engineering has no ethical implications.

• All genetic modifications are beneficial to society.

• Ethical considerations in genetic engineering include unintended consequences, biodiversity impact, consent issues, social inequalities, and moral implications.

• Genetic engineering is solely a scientific issue without moral concerns.