OBLICON (GENERAL PROVISIONS)

1. Pedro agreed to sell his car to Juan for ₱500,000. The contract stipulates that the car will be delivered on the 1st of next month, but Pedro refuses to deliver the car, claiming that he changed his mind. What type of obligation is Pedro violating by refusing to deliver the car?

• a. Obligations to do

• b. Obligations not to do

• c. Obligations to give
  
  

• d. Obligations with a period

Maria hired Jose, a contractor, to build a house on her property. Jose delayed the start of the construction beyond the agreed time frame and Maria suffered financial losses because of the delay. What type of obligation did Jose fail to fulfill?

• a. Obligations to do

• b. Obligations to give   

• c. Obligations not to do

• d. Obligations with a condition

Leo borrowed Carlos' horse for a week. Leo used the horse properly but it became ill because Leo left it outside without proper shelter. Carlos demanded compensation for damages. Which standard of care did Leo fail to observe?

• a. Extraordinary diligence         

• b. Diligence of a good father of a family

• c. Legal diligence
  
  

• d. Diligence of an expert

Unless the law or the stipulations of the parties require another standard of care, every person obliged to give something is also obliged to take care of it with:

• extra-ordinary diligence

• diligence of a father of a good family

• diligence of a good father of a family

• good diligence of a father of a family

Carlos was supposed to deliver a new laptop to Luis on June 1. However, Carlos only delivers the laptop on July 15, causing Luis to incur losses due to the delay. What legal concept is present in this situation due to Carlos' delay?

• a. Mora accipiendi

• b. Mora solvendi

• c. Fortuitous event
  
  

• d. Compensatio morae

Both parties in a contract failed to fulfill their obligations on time. Manuel did not deliver the goods, and Andres did not pay as agreed. What is the legal effect of their mutual delay?

• a. Mora accipiendi        

• b. Compensatio morae              

• c. Fortuitous event
  
  

• d. Fraud

Sara accidentally damages Lucia’s laptop by knocking it off the table during an event, even though she wasn’t being particularly careful. What kind of liability can be imputed to Sara?

• a. Fraud (Dolo)
  
  

• b. Negligence (Culpa)
  
  

• c. Mora solvendi
  
  

• d. Fortuitous event

Lisa leased a farm from Paulo, where mango trees naturally produce fruit every year. Lisa claims ownership of the harvested mangoes. What type of fruits does Lisa have the right to as the lessee of the farm?

• a. Industrial fruits

• b. Civil fruits

• c. Natural fruits

• d. Accidental fruits

A homeowner hires a contractor to renovate their house. After completing the work, the contractor expects payment from the homeowner. What legal concept governs the homeowner’s duty to pay the contractor?

• a. Juridical necessity
  
  

• b. Obligation
  
  

• c. Civil liability

• d. Damages

A debtor signs a loan agreement and later tries to avoid repayment. The creditor insists that the debtor has no choice but to pay as per the contract. What legal concept obliges the debtor to fulfill their obligation?

• a. Civil liability
  
  

• b. Juridical necessity
  
  

• c. Natural obligation

• d. Cause of action