Preliminary Test

What are the challenges of geochemical sampling in Indonesia's geothermal fields? 

• Commonly the fields are located on the high-terrain 

• High-dense vegetation

• All the options are correct 

• Limited accessibility to reach the thermal manifestations site

The following are several geothermal system components that should be covered in the conceptual model, except…. 

• Temperature

• Hydrology 

• Fluid Chemistry 

• Surface hazard

The following image of the sulphur deposit commonly formed in…. 

• Active volcanic system

• Mature geothermal system

• Low-relief geothermal system

• Fault-controlled geothermal system

Air contamination during gas sampling can occur as a result of…

• The sampling location is located near the sea 

• The presence of wind during sampling 

• Incomplete vacuum in a flask and poor sampling

• Low flow rate of thermal feature 

What is the key characteristic of chloride in geothermal reservoir fluids?

• Chloride concentrations typically range from 100 to 1000 ppm and are reactive in chemical reactions 

• Chloride concentrations range from 1000 to 20,000 ppm and remain conserved, serving as a good indicator of mixing and boiling processes 

• Chloride is primarily removed from geothermal fluids through evaporation and does not affect the concentration of other constituents

• Chloride concentrations are low and highly variable, making them unreliable for indicating changes in other reactive constituents 

The following image is an example of a volcanic-hosted geothermal system model, what gases are predominantly present?

• HCl, O2, H2S 

• HCl, H2S, N2 

• H2S, SO2, HCl 

• O2, N2, H2S  

Which of the following factors is essential for interpreting the chemistry of geothermal systems? 

• The geographic location of the study area only 

• The temperature of geothermal fluid alone 

• The historical use of geothermal resources in the region 

• The likely system type, distribution of thermal activity, geological setting, shallow hydrology, and analogous systems

What is a significant limitation of gas geothermometers? 

• Gas geothermometers provide consistently accurate temperature readings regardless of subsurface conditions 

• Gas geothermometers often yield qualitative results, leading to a wide scatter in temperatures compared to actual measured temperatures 

• Gas geothermometers only work effectively in liquid-dominated reservoirs 

• Gas geothermometers rely solely on the temperature of the fumarole gases without considering the reservoir type 

What information that might be revealed based on the 18O shifts from the graph?

• Temperature only 

• Water-rock interaction ratio, fluid residence time

• Steam-heating process

• Meteoric water mixing process 

Where does the silica scale commonly occur?

• Mixing points 

• Only at binary plants 

• Production wells and mixing point 

• Brine lines, injection wells, brine binary plants