Shared Unit 1.4 Review 23-24

When fertilizers run off farmland into streams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This can lead to rapid growth of algae in a process called eutrophication. How can this process affect other organisms in the water?

• Oxygen is used up as algae is decomposed, reducing the amount available to other organisms.
• The water becomes better able to support aerobic organisms.
• The algae provide food for fishes and other organisms, leading to decreased algae populations.
• The extra nitrogen provides additional food for the other organisms, increasing their population.

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The diagram shows the carbon cycle.  If many trees are removed from a forest by logging, what is the most immediate effect on the carbon cycle in that forest?

•  increase in the rates of decomposition
• increase in the rates of atmospheric carbon dioxide
• decreased combustion of fossil fuel
•  increase production of organic compounds

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Why are fossil fuels a nonrenewable resource?

• they take millions of years to replace

• they can be used over and over again

• they are used to heat and light homes

• they cause air and water pollution

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Rhymenocerous are known to protect and keep their grassland ecosystem healthy; however, they are on the brink of extinction. The country of Bardok put laws into place to stop illegal poaching of the Rhymenocerous. With constant monitoring and protection of their habitat, what should we expect to see over time? Select ALL that apply.

• The Rhymenocerous population going extinct

• The Rhymenocerous population stabilizes

• The grassland ecosystem they live in begins to recover

• The animals that prey on the Rhymenocerious will decrease

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Which human activity is correctly paired with its likely future consequence?

• overfishing in the Atlantic — increase in supply of flounder and salmon as food for people

• development of electric cars or hybrid vehicles — increased rate of global warming

• use of fossil fuels — depletion of underground coal, oil, and natural gas supplies

• genetically engineering animals — less food available to feed the world’s population

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Deforestation by burning has been described as a "double whammy" to the environment, meaning it has 2 negative impacts. Why is this description accurate?

• Forest burning releases CO₂ while decreasing oxygen, which disrupts cycles

• Deforestation reduces the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere, which depletes the ozone layer

• Forest clearing is often followed by land development, which often leads to increased noise pollution

• Deforestation increases the number of plant and animal species by destroying habitat

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What are renewable resources?

• Resources that are used faster than they form

• Resources that can replenish themselves over time

• Resources that exist only in urban areas

• Resources that exist only in rural areas

Humans often change ecosystems as a result of population growth, consumption, and technology. Which of the following exemplifies a way in which humans modify ecosystems?

• factory and automotive emissions causing acid rain

• redirecting and storing freshwater behind dams

• cutting down trees to build new buildings and roads

• all of these

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Many countries have stopped hunting whales commercially, but Japan, Norway and Iceland continue to hunt whales. The most likely effect of this is that...

• Whale populations will not recover as fast as they would if hunting was completely banned.

• Fish populations will increase because whales are being hunted instead.

• Other countries will also start to hunt whales.

• It's only a few countries, so it won't have any effect.

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If scientists engineer the DNA of tomatoes to make them survive in cold temperatures, what do type of technology do those tomatoes become?

• Human Genome Project

• Genetically Modified Organisms

• Punnett Squares

• Gene Therapy

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